Question 1

The temperature control that includes the heat capacity of a substance is

Accepted Answer

Specific heat refers to the amount of energy required to change the temperature of a substance. Substances with a higher specific heat require more energy to change their temperature, which can affect temperature control in various systems.

Question 2

The specific heat of land is_____ than water and,therefore,land heats more _____than water.

Accepted Answer

The specific heat of land is lower than that of water, meaning it requires less energy to change its temperature. Therefore, land heats up and cools down more quickly than water.

Question 3

The single most important control on temperature is

Accepted Answer

Insolation, or incoming solar radiation, is the primary source of energy that determines the temperature of the Earth's surface.

Question 4

The land-water heating difference that specifically relates to opaqueness is

Accepted Answer

Transparency refers to the ability of a material to transmit light. Opaque materials do not allow light to pass through, which affects the way they absorb and emit heat. Therefore, opaqueness is related to the land-water heating difference as it affects how land and water absorb and emit heat differently.

Question 5

If the temperature at the surface of Earth (at sea level)is 100°F,what is the temperature at 2000 feet if the average lapse rate is 3.5°F/1000 feet?

Accepted Answer

The temperature decreases by 3.5°F for every 1000 feet increase in elevation. At 2000 feet, the temperature would decrease by 7°F (3.5°F/1000 feet * 2), making the temperature 93°F (100°F - 7°F).

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding clouds?

Accepted Answer

Clouds have a moderating influence on temperatures, meaning they can both cool down and warm up the planet depending on the type of cloud, the time of day, and the season. Clouds reflect some of the incoming solar radiation back to space, which cools the planet. However, they also trap some of the outgoing infrared radiation emitted by the Earth, which warms the planet. Overall, the net effect of clouds on temperature depends on many factors and can be complex.

Question 7

On average,the illuminated zone in oceans is to a depth of_____ ,but in some oceans may be as deep as ______.

Accepted Answer

The illuminated zone in oceans is to a depth of 60 m (200 ft) on average, but in some oceans may be as deep as 300 m (1,000 ft).

Question 8

If the temperature at the surface of Earth (at sea level)is 40°C,what is the temperature at 2000 m if the normal lapse rate is 6.4°C/1000 m?

Accepted Answer

The temperature decreases by 6.4°C for every 1000 meters in elevation according to the normal lapse rate. For 2000 meters, the decrease would be 2 * 6.4°C = 12.8°C. Subtracting this from the surface temperature of 40°C gives 40°C - 12.8°C = 27.2°C.

Question 9

Elevation typically refers to whereas altitude refers to .

Accepted Answer

Elevation is the height of a point on Earth's surface above sea level, while altitude is the height of an object (such as an airplane or a mountain peak) above Earth's surface or sea level.

Question 10

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The Northern Hemisphere has a greater proportion of land masses than the Southern Hemisphere, which results in a greater influence of continentality on temperatures. Continental climates have larger temperature extremes compared to maritime climates, and this is more pronounced in areas with greater distance from oceanic moderation.

Question 11

Imagine two hypothetical cities,both located at 12° N latitude.However,one is located near sea level,while the other at an elevation of 4,000 m (13,123 ft)above sea level.Which of the following is likely true?

Accepted Answer

As elevation increases, temperature decreases. Therefore, it is likely that the city at the higher elevation has lower temperatures than the city near sea level. This means that the answer choice that best fits is D; the city at the higher elevation has average monthly and yearly temperatures lower than the city near sea level.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding locations at high elevations?

Accepted Answer

As elevation increases, the atmospheric pressure decreases, which leads to a decrease in temperature. This is why mountains and other high-altitude locations tend to have colder average temperatures compared to lower elevations.

Question 13

How does evaporation affect land-water heating differences?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation causes cooling over water bodies because it requires energy, which is obtained from the heat of the water. Therefore, areas with high evaporation rates, such as oceans, will have a lower temperature than nearby land areas. This leads to a temperature difference between land and water, with land being warmer than water during the day and cooler at night.

Question 14

An estimated _____percent of all evaporation on Earth is from oceans.

Accepted Answer

Oceans cover about 71% of the Earth's surface and are the largest contributors to global evaporation. Studies suggest that approximately 84% of total evaporation occurs from oceans.

Question 15

_______refers to the greater range between maximum and minimum temperatures that occurs in inland areas distant from large bodies of water.

Accepted Answer

Continentality refers to the greater range between maximum and minimum temperatures that occurs in inland areas distant from large bodies of water.

Question 16

The principal controls and influences of temperature patterns include

Accepted Answer

Temperature patterns are primarily controlled by latitude, altitude, land-water heating differences, cloud cover, and ocean currents. While Earth's tilt, rotation, revolution, and sphericity do influence temperature patterns, they are not the primary influencers. The distance of the Earth from the sun and sunspot activity have some effect on temperature patterns, but they are not as significant as the factors in choice B. The seasons and human activity can impact temperature patterns, but they are not principal controls. Elevation is also a factor, but it is included in choice B as altitude.

Question 17

During summer,cities located near the coast are ______than those in the interior at the same latitude,while in the winter they are_____ .

Accepted Answer

Coastal cities are generally cooler in the summer due to the moderating influence of the ocean, and warmer in the winter because the ocean retains heat longer than land.

Question 18

Marine and continental cities-United States San Francisco,CA and Wichita,KS are located at approximately the same latitude. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

San Francisco has a mild, Mediterranean climate with narrow temperature ranges throughout the year due to its proximity to the ocean. In contrast, Wichita has a continental climate with larger temperature ranges and more extreme weather patterns due to its location further inland. Therefore, annual temperature ranges in Wichita are greater than those in San Francisco.

Question 19

During the day,clouds______ insolation,lowering daily maximum temperatures;at night,clouds _____longwave energy,thereby raising minimum nighttime temperatures.

Accepted Answer

During the day, clouds reflect incoming solar radiation (insolation), which can lower the maximum temperatures observed. At night, clouds absorb and counterradiate longwave energy (infrared radiation) from the Earth's surface, which helps to keep the surface warmer than it would be under clear sky conditions.

Question 20

Trondheim,Norway is located at approximately 63° N.Despite its high latitude,it has a relatively moderate annual temperature regime.What likely accounts for this moderation?

Accepted Answer

Trondheim's relatively moderate annual temperature regime is likely due to its maritime location. The presence of the ocean helps to regulate temperatures, preventing extreme highs and lows. In contrast, locations with high continentality, such as those located far from large bodies of water, tend to have more extreme temperature variations. The urban heat island effect may also contribute to higher temperatures in the city center, but it would not account for the overall moderate annual temperature regime. Thick cloud cover might contribute to warmer temperatures by trapping in longwave radiation, but it is not a likely explanation for Trondheim's climate. The influence of the subpolar low pressure system might affect precipitation in Trondheim, but it is not directly related to the moderation of its temperature regime.

Quiz 4: Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

The temperature control that includes the heat capacity of a substance is

The specific heat of land is_ than water and,therefore,land heats more _than water.

The single most important control on temperature is

The land-water heating difference that specifically relates to opaqueness is

If the temperature at the surface of Earth (at sea level) is 100°F,what is the temperature at 2000 feet if the average lapse rate is 3.5°F/1000 feet?

Which of the following is true regarding clouds?

On average,the illuminated zone in oceans is to a depth of_ ,but in some oceans may be as deep as __.

If the temperature at the surface of Earth (at sea level) is 40°C,what is the temperature at 2000 m if the normal lapse rate is 6.4°C/1000 m?

Elevation typically refers to whereas altitude refers to .

Which of the following is true?

Imagine two hypothetical cities,both located at 12° N latitude.However,one is located near sea level,while the other at an elevation of 4,000 m (13,123 ft) above sea level.Which of the following is likely true?

Which of the following is true regarding locations at high elevations?

How does evaporation affect land-water heating differences?

An estimated _____percent of all evaporation on Earth is from oceans.

_______refers to the greater range between maximum and minimum temperatures that occurs in inland areas distant from large bodies of water.

The principal controls and influences of temperature patterns include

During summer,cities located near the coast are __than those in the interior at the same latitude,while in the winter they are_ .

Marine and continental cities-United States San Francisco,CA and Wichita,KS are located at approximately the same latitude. Which of the following is true?

During the day,clouds__ insolation,lowering daily maximum temperatures;at night,clouds _longwave energy,thereby raising minimum nighttime temperatures.

Trondheim,Norway is located at approximately 63° N.Despite its high latitude,it has a relatively moderate annual temperature regime.What likely accounts for this moderation?