Question 1

Which of the following is an inflammation of the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mouth. The other options are not related to inflammation of the mouth.

Question 2

Which of the following can cause pregnancy loss?

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins can cause pregnancy loss by inducing uterine contractions. The other options (emetics, laxatives, antiemetics, and mouthwashes) are not typically associated with pregnancy loss.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a type of laxative?

Accepted Answer

Proton pump inhibitors are medications used to reduce stomach acid production, they are not a type of laxative. The other three choices listed are types of laxatives: bulk-forming agents, osmotics, and stool softeners.

Question 4

Which of the following promote bowel movements?

Accepted Answer

Laxatives promote bowel movements by stimulating the muscles in the intestines to contract or by softening the stool, making it easier to pass. Emetics induce vomiting, antiemetics prevent vomiting, H₂-receptor agonists are used for headaches, and antacids neutralize stomach acid and are not directly related to bowel movements.

Question 5

Diarrhea is most dangerous for patients in which age group?

Accepted Answer

Infants, small children, and older adults are the most vulnerable groups for complications related to diarrhea, as they have weaker immune systems and are more susceptible to dehydration.

Question 6

Which of the following is used to treat motion sickness?

Accepted Answer

Antiemetics are specifically used to treat nausea and vomiting, which are common symptoms of motion sickness. Laxatives, emetics, proton pump inhibitors, and prostaglandins are not indicated for this condition.

Question 7

Which of the following induce vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Emetics are drugs that induce vomiting, while antianemics, antiemetics, laxatives, and diuretics do not have this effect.

Question 8

Antiemetics include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Antiemetics include phenothiazines, 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists, antihistamines, and cannabinoids. Cholinergic medications are not typically used as antiemetics.

Question 9

Most stomach ulcers are caused by

Accepted Answer

Most stomach ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, a type of bacteria that weakens the protective lining of the stomach and duodenum, allowing acid to erode the vulnerable lining. Acidic food, overuse of antacids, and streptococcus are not the primary cause of stomach ulcers. Worms can cause a type of ulcer known as a parasitic ulcer, but this is rare in developed countries.

Question 10

Which of the following words means bad breath?

Accepted Answer

Halitosis is a term used to describe bad breath. GERD refers to gastroesophageal reflux disease, Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that can cause stomach ulcers, and flatulence refers to excessive gas in the digestive system.

Question 11

Which of the following is used to treat peptic ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Peptic ulcers are often treated with a combination of antibiotics (to eradicate H. pylori bacteria), antispasmodics (to relieve stomach pain), and proton pump inhibitors (to reduce stomach acid production).

Question 12

Gas in the gastrointestinal system is known as

Accepted Answer

Gas in the gastrointestinal system is commonly referred to as flatulence.

Question 13

Medications that facilitate fast emptying of the colon are

Accepted Answer

Cathartics are medication that facilitate fast emptying of the colon. Diuretics are medications that promote urine production, emetics are medications that induce vomiting, and antiemetics are medications that prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.

Question 14

Which of the following is a term for movement through the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis is the term used to describe the movement of food through the intestines. Halitosis refers to bad breath and pica refers to the craving and consumption of non-food items. Fissure refers to a small tear or cut in the skin or mucous membrane.

Question 15

Medications that may be given when patients are at risk for aspiration of stomach contents are

Accepted Answer

Gastric stimulants, such as metoclopramide, are used to increase gastric emptying and reduce the risk of aspiration by moving stomach contents into the intestines more quickly.

Question 16

The type of antidiarrheal that is taken after each bowel movement to absorb toxins or bacteria is an

Accepted Answer

Absorbent antidiarrheals such as activated charcoal or kaolin absorb toxins and bacteria that may be causing diarrhea. They are taken after each bowel movement to help alleviate symptoms. Opioid antidiarrheals are not taken after each bowel movement and work by slowing down gastrointestinal motility. Antiemetics are used to treat nausea and vomiting, and emetics are used to induce vomiting.

Question 17

The type of acid found in the stomach that aids food break down is

Accepted Answer

The acid found in the stomach that aids food break down is hydrochloric acid (HCL).

Question 18

An example of a food that can affect the absorption of certain medications if eaten at the same time is

Accepted Answer

Grapefruit contains compounds that can interfere with enzymes responsible for breaking down certain medications in the liver. This can cause an increase in the level of medication in the bloodstream, which can lead to negative side effects. It is important to always check with a healthcare provider or pharmacist about any food or medication interactions.

Question 19

The disorder in which stomach acid moves upward into the esophagus, causing irritation and damage to the mucosa, is

Accepted Answer

GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is the disorder in which stomach acid moves upward into the esophagus, causing irritation and damage to the mucosa. Crohn's disease and irritable bowel syndrome are conditions that affect the digestive system, but they do not specifically involve acid reflux. Heartburn is a symptom of GERD, but it is not the same as the disorder itself.

Question 20

The reason for taking a gastrointestinal medication before eating is to allow the medication to

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal medications are designed to either coat the stomach lining or decrease gastric acidity. Coating agents like sucralfate and antacids form a protective barrier on the stomach lining, preventing further damage from stomach acid. Acid-reducing medications like proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers decrease the amount of acid in the stomach, which can help alleviate symptoms of ulcers and reflux. Taking these medications before eating allows for better effectiveness and protection of the stomach lining.

Quiz 19: Gastrointestinal System Medications