Question 1

If a function needs to modify more than one variable, it must
A) be pass by value
B) be a void function
C) return all values needed
D) be a call by reference function

Accepted Answer

a call by reference function allows modification of multiple variables within the function by passing their memory addresses instead of just their values. This means the changes made within the function persist outside of it.

Question 2

Which of the following comments would be the best post-condition for this swap function void swap int& left, int&right);
A) //Postcondition: None
B) //Postcondition: the values of left and right are exchanged.
C) //Postcondition: left has the value of right
D) //Postcondition: left and right are unchanged

Accepted Answer

The purpose of the swap function is to exchange the values of the two integer variables passed as arguments. Therefore, the most appropriate post-condition would be that the values of left and right are exchanged.

Question 3

When a void function is called, it is known as
A) An output function.
B) A returned value.
C) An executable statement.
D) A comment

Accepted Answer

Void functions, when called, perform actions but do not return a value to the calling environment, making them executable statements rather than output functions, returned values, or comments.

Question 4

Given the following function definitions and program fragments, what is the output?
Void f1int& z, int &q)
{
Int temp;
Temp=q;
Q=z;
Z=temp;
}
Void f2 int& a, int& b)
{
If a<b)
F1a,b);
Else
A=b;
}
Int x=3, y=4;
F2y,x);
Cout << x <<" " << y << endl;
A) 3 3
B) 4 3
C) 3 4
D) 4 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the following function definitions and program...

Question 5

What is the output of the following code fragments?
Int trial int& a, int b)
{
Ifb > a)
{
A=b;
Return -a;
}
Else
{
Return 0;
}
}
Float x=0, y=10,z;
Z=trialy,x);
Cout << z << " " << x <<" " << y << endl;
A) -10 0 0
B) 0 10 0
C) 10 0 0
D) 0 0 10

Accepted Answer

The code has syntax errors and won't compile. The function definition and call are incorrect due to typos and misuse of types and identifiers. Assuming corrections, the function would swap values and return modified values, but given the errors, it's not executable as written.

Question 6

Testing your program should be done
A) As each function is developed
B) At the end of the coding
C) Only if there appear to be problems
D) Only if your instructor requires it.

Accepted Answer

Testing your program as each function is developed is known as unit testing and it helps catch errors early on in the development process, making it easier and less expensive to fix them. This approach also allows for easier debugging and ensures that each function works as intended before moving on to the next one.

Question 7

A simplified version of a function which is used to test the main program is called
A) A stub
B) Abstraction
C) Polymorphism
D) A driver

Accepted Answer

A stub is a simplified version of a function that is used during testing to simulate the behavior of actual software components. It is typically used in the context of unit testing or integration testing to stand in for more complex real implementations that the test does not depend on.

Question 8

Given the following function declaration and local variable declarations, which of the following is not a correct function call?
Int myInt;
Float myFloat;
Char ch;
Void someFunctionint& first, float second, char third);
A) someFunction1, 2.0, ch);
B) someFunctionmyInt, myFloat, ch);
C) someFunctionmyInt, 2.0, 'c');
D) someFunctionmyInt, myFloat, '1');

Accepted Answer

The correct syntax for calling a function in C++ requires the function name followed by parentheses enclosing the arguments. The provided option A is missing the function name's opening parenthesis, making it syntactically incorrect.

Question 9

A simplified main program used to test functions is called
A) A stub
B) Abstraction
C) Polymorphism
D) A driver

Accepted Answer

A driver is a simplified main program used to test functions.

Question 10

In the following function, what is passed to the first parameter?
Void f1 int& value1, int value2);
Int x,y;
F1x,y);
A) The value of x
B) nothing, it is a void function
C) the value of y
D) the variable x or its memory location)

Accepted Answer

The variable x or its memory location (as indicated by the reference parameter syntax '&') is passed to the first parameter.

Question 11

Testing a function or program using test values that are at or near the values that change the outcome of the program is known as using
A) parameters
B) functional decomposition
C) boundary values
D) a black-box

Accepted Answer

Testing with boundary values helps to ensure that the program is working correctly on the edge cases or critical conditions. Testing with parameters refers to passing specific values to the function, but it may not cover all the boundary cases. Functional decomposition is a technique used for breaking down a large program into smaller, more manageable parts. Black-box testing refers to testing without knowledge of the internal structure of the program and is not specific to using test values near the boundary. Therefore, option C is the best choice for testing with boundary values.

Question 12

Given the following function definition
Void shiftint& a, int&b)
{
A=b;
B=a;
}
What is the output after the following function call?
Int first=0, second=10;
Shiftfirst, second);
Cout << first <<" "<< second << endl;
A) 0 10
B) 10 0
C) 0 0
D) 10 10

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the following function definition
Void shiftint& a,...

Question 13

Call-by-reference should be used
A) For all variables
B) When the function needs to change the value of one or more arguments
C) Never
D) only in void functions

Accepted Answer

Call-by-reference should be used when the function needs to change the value of one or more arguments. This way, any changes made to the argument inside the function will be reflected outside of the function as well. It is not necessary to use call-by-reference for all variables, and it should not be used if the function does not need to change the value of any arguments. It can be used in functions that return values other than void as well.

Question 14

If you write a function that should use call-by-reference, but forget to include the ampersand,
A) The program will not compile
B) The program will not link
C) The program will not run without a run-time error
D) The program will run with incorrect results
E) It doesn't matter

Accepted Answer

The program will run with incorrect results because call-by-value will be used instead of call-by-reference, meaning that changes to the parameter within the function will not be reflected outside of the function.

Quiz 5: Functions for All Sub Tasks

If a function needs to modify more than one variable, it must

Which of the following comments would be the best post-condition for this swap function void swap int& left, int&right) ;

When a void function is called, it is known as

Given the following function definitions and program fragments, what is the output? Void f1int& z, int &q) { Int temp; Temp=q; Q=z; Z=temp; } Void f2 int& a, int& b) { If a<b) F1a,b) ; Else A=b; } Int x=3, y=4; F2y,x) ; Cout << x <<" " << y << endl;

What is the output of the following code fragments? Int trial int& a, int b) { Ifb > a) { A=b; Return -a; } Else { Return 0; } } Float x=0, y=10,z; Z=trialy,x) ; Cout << z << " " << x <<" " << y << endl;

Testing your program should be done

A simplified version of a function which is used to test the main program is called

Given the following function declaration and local variable declarations, which of the following is not a correct function call? Int myInt; Float myFloat; Char ch; Void someFunctionint& first, float second, char third) ;

A simplified main program used to test functions is called

In the following function, what is passed to the first parameter? Void f1 int& value1, int value2) ; Int x,y; F1x,y) ;

Testing a function or program using test values that are at or near the values that change the outcome of the program is known as using

Given the following function definition Void shiftint& a, int&b) { A=b; B=a; } What is the output after the following function call? Int first=0, second=10; Shiftfirst, second) ; Cout << first <<" "<< second << endl;

Call-by-reference should be used

If you write a function that should use call-by-reference, but forget to include the ampersand,