Question 1

Large structures (e.g., ribosomes) form spontaneously from their macromolecular components by a process known as __________.

Accepted Answer

self-assembly

Question 2

Large numbers of small monomeric molecules join together to form large molecules that are known as:

Accepted Answer

Large molecules formed by joining small monomeric molecules are known as macromolecules. The other options, multimers and polymolecules, are not commonly used terms in biology, and maximolecules is not a recognized term.

Question 3

Photoautotrophs are the only organisms that can incorporate (fix) carbon dioxide into biomolecules.

Accepted Answer

Other organisms, such as chemolithoautotrophs, can also fix carbon dioxide into biomolecules using energy derived from inorganic chemical reactions, not just light.

Question 4

Which of the following is a source of carbon skeletons that are used in the synthesis of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed are sources of carbon skeletons that are used in the synthesis of amino acids. Acetyl-CoA is derived from the breakdown of fatty acids or the oxidation of pyruvate. TCA cycle intermediates are produced from the oxidation of acetyl-CoA. Glycolysis intermediates are derived from the breakdown of glucose. All of these pathways contribute to the pool of carbon skeletons that can be used in amino acid synthesis.

Question 5

Although most autotrophic microorganisms fix carbon dioxide using the Calvin-Benson cycle, this pathway is absent in the Archaea.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although most autotrophic microorganisms fix carbon dioxide...

Question 6

Which pathway(s) are used by eukaryotic microorganisms to fix carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic microorganisms typically use the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide.

Question 7

In the synthesis of amino acids the addition of the amino nitrogen usually occurs __________ the synthesis of the carbon skeletons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the synthesis of amino acids the...

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the synthesis of macromolecules from monomeric subunits?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing macromolecules from monomeric subunits saves genetic storage capacity because it allows for greater diversity of molecules to be made from a limited number of building blocks. It also saves biosynthetic raw materials by reusing the same building blocks for different macromolecules. Lastly, it saves energy because it is energetically favorable to polymerize monomers rather than synthesize larger molecules from scratch.

Question 9

Microorganisms assimilate large amounts of all of the following except __________ into organic molecules.

Accepted Answer

Microorganisms do not assimilate large amounts of sodium into organic molecules.

Question 10

Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones with the input of energy is called

Accepted Answer

Anabolism is the process of building complex molecules from simpler ones with the input of energy. Metabolism includes both anabolism and catabolism, but since the question specifies the process of building complex molecules, the best answer is B. Catabolism is the opposite process, where complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones with the release of energy. Amphibolism is a term used in biochemistry to describe pathways that can be both catabolic and anabolic.

Question 11

Different proteins have different amino acid __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Different proteins have different amino acid __________....

Question 12

The use of compartmentation for the simultaneous but independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways occurs generally in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

Compartmentation is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic cells that allows for the regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways to occur independently in different cellular compartments (such as mitochondria, cytoplasm, nucleus, etc.). In contrast, prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and do not have the level of compartmentalization found in eukaryotic cells.

Question 13

Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize some anabolic and catabolic pathways so that these pathways can be operate ______________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize some anabolic and catabolic...

Question 14

Cells save energy and materials by using many of the same enzymes for both __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cells save energy and materials by using...

Question 15

Assemblies of macromolecules are referred to as __________ complexes.

Accepted Answer

Supramolecular complexes are defined as assemblies of macromolecules or molecular aggregates held together by intermolecular interactions. They are larger than individual molecules but smaller than whole cells or organisms, and have unique properties and functions as a result of their structure and arrangement. Ultramolecular, metamolecular, and maximolecular are not commonly used terms in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology.

Question 16

Nongrowing cells continuously degrade and resynthesize cellular molecules during a process known as cellular turnover.

Accepted Answer

Nongrowing cells continuously undergo cellular turnover, which involves the degradation and resynthesis of cellular molecules. This process allows for the replacement of damaged or old cellular components with new ones to maintain cellular function.

Question 17

Many enzyme catalyzed reactions are freely reversible; however, some key steps require separate enzymes for the reverse step in order to provide for independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Separate enzymes may be required for the reverse reaction in order to allow independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways.

Question 18

There are __________ common amino acids used to synthesize proteins.

Accepted Answer

There are 20 common amino acids used to synthesize proteins, which are differentiated by their unique side chains.

Question 19

Anabolic and catabolic pathways use different cofactors for similar reactions.

Accepted Answer

Anabolic and catabolic pathways involve different types of reactions, such as the synthesis and breakdown of biomolecules, respectively. These pathways often use similar reactions but require different cofactors to drive the process forward. For example, anabolic pathways may use reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a cofactor, while catabolic pathways may use oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+).

Question 20

The process of carbon dioxide fixation refers to

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide fixation is the process of reducing carbon dioxide and incorporating it into organic molecules that are assimilated by living organisms. This process is a crucial part of photosynthesis, which involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in the form of organic molecules.

Quiz 11: Anabolism the Use of Energy in Biosynthesis