Question 1

When cells of a facultative anaerobe such as Paracoccus denitrificans are growing under anaerobic conditions and using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor,______________ nitrate reduction is occurring.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When cells of a facultative anaerobe such...

Question 2

The number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen that is reduced when electrons are passed from NADH or reduced FAD (FADH)to O₂ is called the

Accepted Answer

The P/O ratio, or phosphate/oxygen ratio, is a measure of the number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen reduced during ATP synthesis. It is calculated by dividing the number of ATP molecules produced by the number of oxygen atoms reduced. Therefore, the P/O ratio reflects the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in using the energy from electron transport to produce ATP.

Question 3

In aerobic conditions,it takes __________ sugar to produce the same amount of ATP when compared to anaerobic conditions.

Accepted Answer

In aerobic conditions, the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O releases energy that is used to produce ATP. Therefore, more ATP can be produced with the same amount of glucose compared to anaerobic conditions, where glucose is only partially oxidized to produce ATP.

Question 4

Fermentation involves the use of pyruvate and/or other organic molecules as electron acceptors.

Accepted Answer

During fermentation, pyruvate or other organic molecules act as the final electron acceptor, which leads to the production of ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Question 5

The hypothesis that proton motive force drives ATP synthesis is called the __________ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hypothesis that proton motive force drives...

Question 6

Bacterial electron transport chains may be comprised of fewer components and have lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains.

Accepted Answer

Bacterial electron transport chains typically have fewer components and lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains. This is due to the fact that bacteria have a smaller cell size and less energy demand than eukaryotic cells.

Question 7

Prokaryotes may use several different terminal oxidases for the electron transport system.

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes can have multiple terminal oxidases which are responsible for the transfer of electrons to a terminal electron acceptor, such as oxygen or nitrate, during cellular respiration. These oxidases differ in their affinity for different electron donors and acceptors, allowing prokaryotes to adapt to a variety of environmental conditions.

Question 8

In higher eukaryotes,most aerobically generated ATP is produced by

Accepted Answer

While glycolysis and the TCA cycle both generate ATP, the majority of ATP production in higher eukaryotes occurs during oxidative phosphorylation via a membrane bound proton translocating ATP synthase.

Question 9

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is

Accepted Answer

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose in eukaryotes is 38, which is the result of the complete oxidation of glucose through aerobic respiration. This includes the production of 2 ATP from glycolysis, 2 ATP from the Krebs cycle, and 34 ATP from oxidative phosphorylation. While some sources may list a maximum of 36 ATP due to variations in the number of protons required for ATP synthase activity, the most widely accepted value is 38 ATP.

Question 10

The electron transport systems in eukaryotes and prokaryotes use different electron carriers.

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes use a series of electron carriers including NADH and FADH2 in the electron transport chain, while prokaryotes use a different set of carriers such as quinones and cytochromes.

Question 11

When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH through the electron transport chain to molecular oxygen,a theoretical maximum of __________ molecules of ATP can be made per oxygen molecule reduced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH...

Question 12

Reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Paracoccus denitrificans is an example of anaerobic respiration.

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, and involves the use of alternative electron acceptors, such as nitrate (NO3-), in place of oxygen. Paracoccus denitrificans is a bacterium that is capable of using nitrate as an electron acceptor and reducing it to nitrite (NO2-) during anaerobic respiration.

Question 13

The most commonly accepted hypothesis for the production of ATP that results from electron transport system is called the __________ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most commonly accepted hypothesis for the...

Question 14

Production of ATP using the energy liberated when electrons from reduced chemical bonds are passed through the electron transport system is generally referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Production of ATP using the energy liberated...

Question 15

The major function(s)of the TCA cycle is(are)

Accepted Answer

The TCA cycle serves two major functions: energy production and provision of carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of cell components. Through a series of redox reactions, energy is released and stored in the form of ATP and reducing equivalents. The TCA cycle also generates intermediates that can be used in biosynthesis reactions for the synthesis of a variety of cellular components, including amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids. Therefore, choice D, energy production and provision of carbon skeletons for biosynthesis of cell components, is the best choice.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true regarding ATP synthases?

Accepted Answer

The proton flow during ATP synthesis is inward, not outward. Protons enter the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space through the ATP synthase, causing the conformational changes that allow for ATP production. A and D are true statements, while B is true for ATP synthases in mitochondria but not necessarily for ATP synthases in other organisms or organelles.

Question 17

In addition to being used in the making of ATP,proton motive force is used directly to power the rotation of bacterial flagella.

Accepted Answer

Proton motive force is used directly to power the rotation of bacterial flagella. This process is known as flagellar motility or bacterial motility. The energy from the proton motive force is used to rotate the flagellar motor, which drives the rotation of the flagella and allows bacteria to move through their environment.

Question 18

Which of the following can be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

All the choices can be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration. Nitrate and sulfate are common electron acceptors used by many anaerobic organisms, while carbon dioxide can be used by autotrophic organisms in a process called lithotrophic respiration.

Question 19

Organisms that form lactate,ethanol,and CO₂ as end products of glucose metabolism are called __________ fermenters.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms that form lactate,ethanol,and CO₂ as end...

Question 20

Mitochondrial electron transport takes place

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial electron transport occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane. This is where the electron transport chain complexes are located, as well as ATP synthase, which facilitates ATP production via the proton motive force generated during electron transport.

Quiz 11: Catabolism: Energy Release and Conservation

When cells of a facultative anaerobe such as Paracoccus denitrificans are growing under anaerobic conditions and using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor,______________ nitrate reduction is occurring.

The number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen that is reduced when electrons are passed from NADH or reduced FAD (FADH) to O₂ is called the

In aerobic conditions,it takes __________ sugar to produce the same amount of ATP when compared to anaerobic conditions.

Fermentation involves the use of pyruvate and/or other organic molecules as electron acceptors.

The hypothesis that proton motive force drives ATP synthesis is called the __________ hypothesis.

Bacterial electron transport chains may be comprised of fewer components and have lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains.

Prokaryotes may use several different terminal oxidases for the electron transport system.

In higher eukaryotes,most aerobically generated ATP is produced by

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is

The electron transport systems in eukaryotes and prokaryotes use different electron carriers.

When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH through the electron transport chain to molecular oxygen,a theoretical maximum of __________ molecules of ATP can be made per oxygen molecule reduced.

Reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Paracoccus denitrificans is an example of anaerobic respiration.

The most commonly accepted hypothesis for the production of ATP that results from electron transport system is called the __________ hypothesis.

Production of ATP using the energy liberated when electrons from reduced chemical bonds are passed through the electron transport system is generally referred to as __________.

The major function(s) of the TCA cycle is(are)

Which of the following is NOT true regarding ATP synthases?

In addition to being used in the making of ATP,proton motive force is used directly to power the rotation of bacterial flagella.

Which of the following can be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration?

Organisms that form lactate,ethanol,and CO₂ as end products of glucose metabolism are called __________ fermenters.

Mitochondrial electron transport takes place

Quiz 11: Catabolism: Energy Release and Conservation

When cells of a facultative anaerobe such as Paracoccus denitrificans are growing under anaerobic conditions and using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor,______________ nitrate reduction is occurring.

The number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen that is reduced when electrons are passed from NADH or reduced FAD (FADH) to O2 is called the

In aerobic conditions,it takes __________ sugar to produce the same amount of ATP when compared to anaerobic conditions.

Fermentation involves the use of pyruvate and/or other organic molecules as electron acceptors.

The hypothesis that proton motive force drives ATP synthesis is called the __________ hypothesis.

Bacterial electron transport chains may be comprised of fewer components and have lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains.

Prokaryotes may use several different terminal oxidases for the electron transport system.

In higher eukaryotes,most aerobically generated ATP is produced by

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is

The electron transport systems in eukaryotes and prokaryotes use different electron carriers.

When mitochondria pass electrons donated by NADH through the electron transport chain to molecular oxygen,a theoretical maximum of __________ molecules of ATP can be made per oxygen molecule reduced.

Reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Paracoccus denitrificans is an example of anaerobic respiration.

The most commonly accepted hypothesis for the production of ATP that results from electron transport system is called the __________ hypothesis.

Production of ATP using the energy liberated when electrons from reduced chemical bonds are passed through the electron transport system is generally referred to as __________.

The major function(s) of the TCA cycle is(are)

Which of the following is NOT true regarding ATP synthases?

In addition to being used in the making of ATP,proton motive force is used directly to power the rotation of bacterial flagella.

Which of the following can be used as electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration?

Organisms that form lactate,ethanol,and CO2 as end products of glucose metabolism are called __________ fermenters.

Mitochondrial electron transport takes place

The number of ATP molecules generated per atom of oxygen that is reduced when electrons are passed from NADH or reduced FAD (FADH) to O₂ is called the

Organisms that form lactate,ethanol,and CO₂ as end products of glucose metabolism are called __________ fermenters.