Question 1

The criteria for establishing a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease were first proposed by Jacob Henle.

Accepted Answer

Jacob Henle proposed criteria for establishing a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease in the mid-19th century.

Question 2

Edward Jenner's work in preventing rabies led to the use of the term vaccination to describe a type of procedure used in the prevention of disease.
Blooms Level: 2.Understand
Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke,Leeuwenhoek,Pasteur,Koch,Cohn,Beijerinck,von Behring,Kitasato,Metchnikoff ,and Winogradsky
Section: 01.03

Accepted Answer

Edward Jenner's work was in preventing smallpox, not rabies. However, the use of the term "vaccination" did come from his work, as he discovered that inoculating people with cowpox provided immunity to smallpox.

Question 3

Agar is used as a solidifying agent for microbiological media because it is not readily digested by most microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

Agar is a complex carbohydrate that is not easily digested by most microorganisms, making it an ideal solidifying agent for microbiological media.

Question 4

Whose work on spontaneous generation first demonstrated the existence of a very heat-resistant form of bacteria that are called endospores?

Accepted Answer

John Tyndall's work on spontaneous generation demonstrated the existence of a very heat-resistant form of bacteria that are called endospores.

Question 5

Antiseptic surgery was pioneered by

Accepted Answer

Antiseptic surgery was pioneered by Joseph Lister, who introduced the use of antiseptics such as carbolic acid into surgical procedures in order to prevent infection. Pasteur is known for his contributions to microbiology and vaccination, Jenner is known for developing the smallpox vaccine, and Kitasato is known for his work in immunology and bacteriology.

Question 6

M.J.Berkeley demonstrated that the great potato blight of Ireland was caused by a fungus.

Accepted Answer

M.J.Berkeley was a British botanist who discovered and demonstrated that the great potato blight of Ireland was caused by a fungus named Phytophthora infestans.

Question 7

The first surgical antiseptic to be used was

Accepted Answer

The first surgical antiseptic to be used was phenol, which was discovered and promoted by British surgeon Joseph Lister in the mid-1800s.

Question 8

Koch's postulates were instrumental in establishing that Mycobacterium leprae is the cause of leprosy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Koch's postulates were instrumental in establishing that...

Question 9

Who of the following first discovered that some blood leukocytes could engulf disease-causing bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The first to discover that some blood leukocytes could engulf disease-causing bacteria was Metchnikoff.

Question 10

Studies by Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato demonstrated that inactivated toxins can induce the synthesis of antitoxins in the blood of rabbits.These antitoxins (antibodies)are the basis of

Accepted Answer

The studies by Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato on the production of antitoxins (antibodies) in response to inactivated toxins are the basis of humoral immunity. This type of immunity involves the production of antibodies and their circulation in the blood and other bodily fluids to identify and neutralize pathogens.

Question 11

The use of enrichment cultures and selective media was pioneered by

Accepted Answer

The use of enrichment cultures and selective media was pioneered by Beijerinck.

Question 12

Viruses and bacteria were first cultured in the laboratory at about the same time.
Blooms Level: 2.Understand
Section: 01.03

Accepted Answer

Bacteria were first cultured in the laboratory in the late 19th century, while viruses were not cultured until the 20th century due to their need for living host cells.

Question 13

The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material is called

Accepted Answer

The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material is called spontaneous generation. This idea was disproven by Louis Pasteur in the 19th century through his experiments on sterilization and fermentation.

Question 14

Although developed over 100 years ago,Koch's postulates continue to be used successfully in all known human infectious diseases.

Accepted Answer

Koch's postulates have limitations, especially with diseases caused by viruses and prions, or when the bacterium cannot be cultured in pure form outside the human body.

Question 15

Invisible living creatures were thought to exist and cause disease long before they were ever observed.
Blooms Level: 2.Understand
Section: 01.03

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Many ancient civilizations believed in the existence of invisible living creatures that could cause disease, such as the ancient Greeks and their concept of miasma. It wasn't until the invention of the microscope in the 17th century that these creatures, such as bacteria and viruses, could be observed and studied.

Question 16

Who is credited with developing and documenting the first vaccination procedure against smallpox?

Accepted Answer

Edward Jenner is credited with developing and documenting the first vaccination procedure against smallpox in 1796.

Question 17

Who is credited with developing a vaccine against chicken cholera?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur is credited with developing a vaccine against chicken cholera in 1879, which was a major milestone in the field of microbiology. This was followed by the development of vaccines against anthrax and rabies.

Question 18

Fanny Hesse first suggested that agar be used to solidify microbiological media.
Blooms Level: 1.Remember
Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 Evaluate the importance of the contributions to microbiology made by Hooke,Leeuwenhoek,Pasteur,Koch,Cohn,Beijerinck,von Behring,Kitasato,Metchnikoff ,and Winogradsky
Section: 01.03

Accepted Answer

Fanny Hesse did indeed suggest the use of agar to solidify microbiological media, which has become a widely used technique in microbiology.

Question 19

The concept that human and animal diseases are caused by microorganisms is called the

Accepted Answer

The germ theory proposes that microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, are the cause of many diseases in both humans and animals. This theory was first proposed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in the late 19th century and revolutionized the field of medicine. It was a significant breakthrough that led to improved hygiene practices, vaccination, and the development of antibiotics.

Question 20

Old cultures of bacteria that have lost their ability to cause disease are said to be

Accepted Answer

The term "attenuated" refers to old cultures of bacteria that have lost their ability to cause disease.

Quiz 1: The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology