Question 1

In the final phase of the classical conditioning process:

Accepted Answer

In the final phase of the classical conditioning process, the conditioned stimulus elicits a conditioned response. This occurs after the neutral stimulus has been consistently paired with the unconditioned stimulus, causing the neutral stimulus to become a conditioned stimulus and elicit a response similar to the unconditioned response.

Question 2

To which process in perception is the concept of habituation in learning MOST similar?

Accepted Answer

Habituation in learning is most similar to adaptation in perception because both involve a decrease in response to a repeated, unchanging stimulus. In adaptation, the sensory system becomes less responsive to a constant stimulus over time, whereas in habituation, an organism learns to ignore or respond less to a repeated stimulus. Both processes involve a change in the sensitivity of the sensory system to a stimulus.

Question 3

Pavlov conducted:

Accepted Answer

Pavlov conducted experimental research, specifically classical conditioning experiments with dogs.

Question 4

Ruben is reading the descriptions of some of the psychology courses in his college's course catalog.The description of one course reads in part,"A survey of the methods by which organisms' behavior changes as a result of experience." This course is MOST likely titled:

Accepted Answer

The description provided specifically mentions "behavior changes as a result of experience," which is a key aspect of the field of learning. Therefore, the course is most likely titled "The Psychology of Learning."

Question 5

Imitation is associated with _____ while consequences are associated with _____.

Accepted Answer

Imitation is a key aspect of observational learning, which is associated with choice C. Consequences, on the other hand, are closely linked to operant conditioning, which is associated with the same choice. Therefore, C is the correct choice.

Question 6

A research assistant in a lab conditions dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell.During conditioning,the assistant deliberately manipulates the interval between the sound of the bell and the presentation of food.After conditioning,he measures how much the dog salivates when the bell is presented alone.The interval is the _____ variable.The amount of salivation is the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

In this experiment, the interval between the sound of the bell and the presentation of food is deliberately manipulated by the assistant. This means that the interval is being used as the independent variable as it is being manipulated by the researcher. The amount of salivation that the dog produces is being measured by the researcher and is therefore the dependent variable.

Question 7

Learning refers to:

Accepted Answer

Learning involves a relatively permanent change in behavior or thinking due to experience.

Question 8

When a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elicit the same response naturally then ____ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response, eventually leading to the neutral stimulus alone eliciting the same response (now a conditioned response).

Question 9

Psychologists define _____ as a relatively permanent change in behavior or thinking resulting from experience.

Accepted Answer

Learning is the only option that fits the definition of a relatively permanent change in behavior or thinking resulting from experience. Adaptation refers to the process of adjusting to new or changing environmental conditions, habituation refers to the decrease in response to repeated stimuli, and cognition refers to mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Question 10

Candice tosses a newly purchased felt mouse across the floor; her cat chases it excitedly,clutches it in its paws,and rolls around with it.Several tosses later,her cat yawns pointedly and settles itself for a nap.The change in Candice's cat's behavior illustrates:

Accepted Answer

Habituation occurs when an animal becomes less responsive to a stimulus after repeated exposure to it. In this scenario, the cat initially displayed excitement and interest in the felt mouse, but eventually became bored and disinterested after multiple tosses. This is an example of habituation.

Question 11

_____ is credited for laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology.

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov is credited for laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology. He conducted experiments with dogs and observed how they could be conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell.

Question 12

_____ is a form of learning in which an organism responds less strongly to an event following repeated exposures to it.

Accepted Answer

Habituation is a decrease in responsiveness to a repeated stimulus over time. It is a form of learning where an organism learns to ignore a stimulus that is no longer relevant or important.

Question 13

A relatively permanent change in behavior or thinking due to experience is called:

Accepted Answer

A relatively permanent change in behavior or thinking is a definition of learning, which is the process of gaining knowledge or skill through experience, study, or being taught. The other options—development, cognition, and perception—may be related to learning, but they do not specifically refer to a change resulting from experience.

Question 14

Although I won the Nobel Prize in 1904 for my research in physiology,I am BEST known for my pioneering work in the psychology of learning.I am:

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904 for his work on digestion. He is best known for his pioneering research in classical conditioning, a fundamental theory in the psychology of learning.

Question 15

Event is to behavior as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

"Event" refers to a stimulus that occurs in an environment, and "behavior" is the response that follows. Likewise, "stimulus" is an event that triggers a reaction or response, and "response" is the resulting behavior or action. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 16

In the first phase of the classical conditioning process:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the first phase of the classical...

Question 17

Ivan Pavlov is associated with the study of classical conditioning.This means that he studied how:

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov's study of classical conditioning involved the association of two different stimuli, specifically, the pairing of a neutral stimulus (such as a bell) with a naturally occurring stimulus (such as food), leading to a learned response (such as salivation in anticipation of food).

Question 18

Social learning is a synonym for:

Accepted Answer

Social learning is also known as observational learning, which occurs when an individual learns a new behavior by observing the behavior of others and the consequences of that behavior. Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are forms of learning, but they are not specific to social learning. Adaptation is a process of change over time due to natural selection and environmental factors, and is not synonymous with social learning.

Question 19

Broadly speaking,nature is to nurture as the _____ is to the _____.

Accepted Answer

Nature is to nurture as the unconditioned stimulus (US) is to the conditioned stimulus (CS). Nature (genetics) is inherent and does not require learning, similar to the unconditioned stimulus which naturally triggers a response. Nurture (environment) involves learning and adaptation, akin to the conditioned stimulus which acquires the ability to elicit a response through association.

Question 20

Learning involves:

Accepted Answer

Learning involves both neurogenesis (the creation of new neurons) and neuroplasticity (the ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to experiences and stimuli). Both processes are essential in forming and strengthening neural connections, which are necessary for learning and memory.

Quiz 5: Learning