Question 1

Tim is just learning to play the piano and,somewhat surprisingly,he already enjoys playing it even though he isn't very good.Tim's parents would like to see him develop his skills so they decide to pay Tim $10.00 at the end of each week if he has satisfactorily practiced all his lessons.Motivation theorists familiar with the overjustification hypothesis would argue that the rewards being offered by Tim's parents may decrease Tim's interest in piano by _______________ motivation.

Accepted Answer

The overjustification hypothesis predicts that providing external rewards for doing an activity that is already intrinsically motivating, such as playing the piano out of enjoyment, may undermine the individual's intrinsic motivation. Therefore, offering Tim a monetary reward for practicing piano may decrease his interest in it by undermining his intrinsic motivation.

Question 2

If you enjoy an activity for its own sake then the activity is said to be high in:

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation refers to the internal drive to engage in an activity for the inherent enjoyment or satisfaction it provides, rather than for any external rewards or goals.

Question 3

According to modern evolutionary theory,humans are social creatures because social behaviour:

Accepted Answer

Modern evolutionary theory suggests that social behavior in humans likely evolved because it provided survival advantages. For example, group living may have helped early humans find food and protect themselves from predators. Therefore, social behavior is not just instinctual, satisfying a need for growth, or intrinsically motivating, but rather has tangible benefits for survival and reproduction.

Question 4

Modern evolutionary theorists explain and understand motivation with reference to the rely on the concept of _____________.

Accepted Answer

Modern evolutionary theorists emphasize the adaptive significance of motivational states and behaviors, meaning that they have evolved to meet specific needs or goals that increase an individual's chances of survival and reproduction. The other options (instincts, expectancies, growth needs) are important concepts in other motivational theories but do not have as strong of a focus on evolutionary processes.

Question 5

Hull's drive theory assumes that there is a significant causal relation between which of the following constructs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hull's drive theory assumes that there is...

Question 6

According to Hull's drive theory of motivation,various drives are produced:

Accepted Answer

Hull's drive theory of motivation suggests that drives are produced when there is a physiological disruption of homeostasis. This disruption leads to an individual's internal state that motivates them to engage in behaviors to restore balance or satisfy the need.

Question 7

Some motivational researchers make an important distinction between types of motivation,extrinsic motivation involves performing an activity to obtain an external reward or prize,as opposed to engaging in an activity for its own sake because it is enjoyable or engaging,which is ________________ motivation.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question matches the concept of intrinsic motivation.

Question 8

According to the expectancy x value theory of motivation,the worth that an individual places on a goal is often called the:

Accepted Answer

According to the expectancy x value theory of motivation, the worth that an individual places on a goal is called the incentive value. This refers to the extent to which a particular outcome or goal is desirable or attractive to the individual. It is often the result of the individual's beliefs, attitudes, and personal preferences. The other answer choices do not accurately describe the concept of incentive value.

Question 9

Sara and Frank are competing for the same new job.They both very much want the job and believe that it would substantially help their careers.Frank isn't sure that he has the job or interview skills needed to get the job and as a result,he puts a little less effort into his resume and job interview.Sara,on the other hand,believes that she has good interview skills and thinks that she has the talent to get the job.As a result,she prepares at bit harder for this position.The expectancy x value theory of motivation would most likely explain this difference in motivation as being due to:

Accepted Answer

The expectancy x value theory of motivation suggests that motivation is a product of expectancy, or the belief that one's efforts will lead to successful performance, and value, which are the perceived benefits of achieving the goal. In this case, Sara believes she has good interview skills and values the job highly, so she puts in more effort to increase her chances of success. Frank, on the other hand, lacks confidence in his skills and therefore expects to perform poorly, resulting in lower motivation and effort. Thus, the difference in motivation is due to their different expectations regarding their goal-related behaviors.

Question 10

This theorist proposed that the primary goal of motivated behaviour is reducing drives.His name is:

Accepted Answer

Clark Hull proposed the Drive Reduction Theory, which suggests that the main goal of motivated behavior is to reduce physiological drives, such as hunger or thirst. This theory emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivating behavior, and posits that once physiological needs have been satisfied, motivation to engage in behavior is reduced.

Question 11

The concepts of deficiency needs and growth needs are both central to ________________ approach to motivation

Accepted Answer

The concepts of deficiency needs (physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem) and growth needs (self-actualization) are central to Abraham Maslow's humanistic approach to motivation. Maslow posited that individuals are motivated by both sets of needs, with the deficiency needs taking priority before the growth needs can be pursued.

Question 12

An important clue about the definition of the term "motivation" is revealed if we look atits derivation.The root of the word "motivation" in Latin is:

Accepted Answer

The Latin root of the word "motivation" is "movere," which means "to move." Therefore, the best choice is A.

Question 13

A motivation theorist who believes in the expectancy x value theory of motivation would most likely say that two people can respond differently to the same incentive because:

Accepted Answer

The expectancy x value theory of motivation states that an individual's motivation to engage in a behavior is determined by their expectancy that the behavior will lead to a specific outcome and the subjective value of that outcome. Therefore, if two people receive the same incentive, they may evaluate its worth differently based on their individual expectations and values, leading to different responses.

Question 14

The general processes that affect the direction,persistence,and strength of goal-directed behaviour is referred to as _________________.

Accepted Answer

Motivation refers to the general processes that affect the direction, persistence, and strength of goal-directed behavior. Incentives, instincts, and drives are all factors that can contribute to or influence motivation, but none of them refer specifically to the general processes that underlie goal-directed behavior.

Question 15

An inherited characteristic that produces a particular response when an organism is exposed to a particular stimulus and is common to all members of a species is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

An instinct is an innate, fixed pattern of behavior in response to a stimulus. It is a characteristic that is inherited and common to all members of a species. Motives and drives refer to internal states that arouse and direct behavior, while incentives are external stimuli that motivate behavior. Therefore, the best choice is C, instinct.

Question 16

According to Maslow's need hierarchy,people must first satisfy their need for security and safety before they can turn their attention to their need for ___________.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, after a person has fulfilled their physiological needs (food, water, etc.), they must then satisfy their need for safety and security. Once these needs are met, a person can then turn their attention to their need for love and belonging (affiliation) before moving on to higher levels of needs such as self-esteem and self-actualization. Therefore, the correct answer is C - affiliation and love.

Question 17

The body's tendency to maintain an internal state of physiological balance is referred to as the concept of ____________.

Accepted Answer

The concept described in the question refers to the idea of homeostasis, which is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. This includes regulating body temperature, fluid and electrolyte balance, and other physiological processes.

Question 18

Maslow held the assumption that people are motivated to achieve their potentials by a range of needs,from basic biological needs for safety and nutrition to spiritual growth needs.Maslow proposed the concept of:

Accepted Answer

Maslow proposed the idea of a need hierarchy, where individuals are motivated by fulfilling basic physiological and safety needs before moving up to higher-level needs like self-actualization and self-transcendence. This hierarchy suggests that individuals must satisfy lower-level needs before they can focus on higher-level needs.

Question 19

When discussing the origins of altruistic behaviour evident in many individuals across many circumstances,Dr.Kim asserts that even though it doesn't necessarily benefit the individual,there must have been some kind of adaptive significance produced by this kind of behaviour or it would not be present today.Based on this information,Dr.Kim would most likely identify with which of the following approaches to motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Kim's assertion that altruistic behaviour must have some adaptive significance is consistent with the approach of evolutionary psychology, which posits that behaviour has evolved over time because it confers some kind of survival or reproductive advantage.

Question 20

An approach to motivation that proposes that motivated behaviour stems from a person's beliefs that particular behaviours will lead to a goal and from the worth that a person places on that goal is called ________________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The expectancy x value theory proposes that motivation is based on a person's belief that certain behaviours will lead to a goal and the value or importance the person places on that goal. It suggests that people are more likely to be motivated to engage in a behaviour if they believe that it will result in the desired outcome and if they value that outcome. The drive theory emphasizes internal physiological and biological factors that push a person to act, while intrinsic motivation emphasizes the enjoyment and satisfaction derived from the behaviour itself. Social exchange theory focuses on the exchanges and transactions between individuals and the perceived outcomes of those exchanges.

Quiz 10: Intelligence