Question 1

What factor drives filtration in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

Filtration in the glomerulus is driven by a pressure gradient known as the glomerular filtration pressure. This pressure is established by the balance of forces between the blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries and the opposing forces of the glomerular capsule and the plasma proteins in the blood. As a result, the pressure gradient drives the movement of water, solutes, and small molecules out of the blood and into the glomerular capsule. Energy from ATP and glucose do not have a direct role in glomerular filtration, and while diffusion can play a role in some aspects of renal function, it is not the primary driver of filtration in the glomerulus.

Question 2

A decline in blood pressure causes juxtaglomerular cells to secrete

Accepted Answer

When blood pressure drops, the kidneys receive less blood flow and respond by secreting the enzyme renin. Renin converts a plasma protein called angiotensinogen (produced by the liver) into angiotensin I, which is then converted to the hormone angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that can raise blood pressure. This eventually leads to the secretion of aldosterone, which acts on the kidneys to retain sodium and water, further increasing blood volume and pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin in response to a decline in blood pressure.

Question 3

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
-Cone-shaped sections in the kidney's interior

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

What is the function of peritubular capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Peritubular capillaries are responsible for picking up water and solutes reabsorbed by the renal tubules. This reabsorption occurs in the renal tubules and the peritubular capillaries then transport the reabsorbed materials away from the tubules and back into the bloodstream.

Question 5

What is the most likely cause of protein in urine?

Accepted Answer

Proteinuria, or the presence of protein in the urine, is most commonly caused by damage to the glomerular capillaries in the kidneys. This damage can be a result of various conditions such as kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, infections, and autoimmune disorders. High pressure within the glomerulus can also cause proteinuria, but it is usually a result of underlying conditions that cause the increased pressure. A high-protein diet may also temporarily increase the amount of protein in the urine, but it is not the primary cause of persistent proteinuria. Protein is not a normal finding in urine and should be investigated by a healthcare provider.

Question 6

What is the purpose of the adipose tissue surrounding the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue serves as a protective cushioning for the kidneys.

Question 7

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of filtrate as it leaves Bowman's capsule?

Accepted Answer

The correct flow of filtrate in the nephron is from Bowman's capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule, then to the loop of Henle, followed by the distal convoluted tubule and finally to the collecting duct. Therefore, option C (proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct) is the best choice.

Question 8

Which statement about the location of the kidneys is correct?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys extend from the level of the T12 vertebra to the L3 vertebra. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as the kidneys are located posterior to the parietal peritoneum and not against the anterior abdominal wall, and they are not located underneath the 10th rib.

Question 9

What is the filtration unit of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.

Question 10

Where are the renal corpuscles of the nephrons located?

Accepted Answer

The renal corpuscles of the nephrons are located in the kidney's outer region, between the cortex and the medulla. This is where filtration of blood to form urine occurs.

Question 11

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
-Structure that becomes the ureter

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each renal structure with its location...

Question 12

What substance is filtered by the kidney?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and excess water, which is ultimately excreted as urine.

Question 13

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
-Slit on concave side of kidney through which blood vessels, the ureter, and nerves enter and leave

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each renal structure with its location...

Question 14

Aldosterone causes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys, which leads to water retention and thus decreased urine output.

Question 15

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
-The outer region of the kidney

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each renal structure with its location...

Question 16

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
-Divide the interior of the kidney into cone-shaped sections

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each renal structure with its location...

Question 17

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of Bowman's capsule?

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule captures fluid that filters out of the glomerulus and collects it in between its two layers. This fluid then flows into the renal tubule on the other side of the capsule. The peritubular capillaries are responsible for reabsorbing useful substances from the filtrate, but they do not capture fluid leaking out of the glomerulus. Bowman's capsule does not apply pressure to the glomerulus, but rather receives pressure from the glomerulus due to the high blood pressure in the afferent arteriole leading into the glomerulus.

Question 18

What is the renal tubule?

Accepted Answer

The renal tubule is a collection of tubelike structures that lead away from the glomerulus in the nephron of the kidney. It includes the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule.

Question 19

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
-Structure(s) that converge to form the renal pelvis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each renal structure with its location...

Question 20

Match each renal structure with its location or function.
a.renal cortex
f.ureter
b.renal medulla
g.major calyx
c.renal pyramids
h.minor calyx
d.renal columns
i.hilum
e.renal pelvis
-The inner region of the kidney

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match each renal structure with its location...

Quiz 18: Urinary System

What factor drives filtration in the glomerulus?

A decline in blood pressure causes juxtaglomerular cells to secrete

Match each renal structure with its location or function. a.renal cortex f.ureter b.renal medulla g.major calyx c.renal pyramids h.minor calyx d.renal columns i.hilum e.renal pelvis -Cone-shaped sections in the kidney's interior

What is the function of peritubular capillaries?

What is the most likely cause of protein in urine?

What is the purpose of the adipose tissue surrounding the kidneys?

Which of the following correctly describes the flow of filtrate as it leaves Bowman's capsule?

Which statement about the location of the kidneys is correct?

What is the filtration unit of the kidney?

Where are the renal corpuscles of the nephrons located?

Match each renal structure with its location or function. a.renal cortex f.ureter b.renal medulla g.major calyx c.renal pyramids h.minor calyx d.renal columns i.hilum e.renal pelvis -Structure that becomes the ureter

What substance is filtered by the kidney?

Match each renal structure with its location or function. a.renal cortex f.ureter b.renal medulla g.major calyx c.renal pyramids h.minor calyx d.renal columns i.hilum e.renal pelvis -Slit on concave side of kidney through which blood vessels, the ureter, and nerves enter and leave

Aldosterone causes which of the following?

Match each renal structure with its location or function. a.renal cortex f.ureter b.renal medulla g.major calyx c.renal pyramids h.minor calyx d.renal columns i.hilum e.renal pelvis -The outer region of the kidney

Match each renal structure with its location or function. a.renal cortex f.ureter b.renal medulla g.major calyx c.renal pyramids h.minor calyx d.renal columns i.hilum e.renal pelvis -Divide the interior of the kidney into cone-shaped sections

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of Bowman's capsule?

What is the renal tubule?

Match each renal structure with its location or function. a.renal cortex f.ureter b.renal medulla g.major calyx c.renal pyramids h.minor calyx d.renal columns i.hilum e.renal pelvis -Structure(s) that converge to form the renal pelvis

Match each renal structure with its location or function. a.renal cortex f.ureter b.renal medulla g.major calyx c.renal pyramids h.minor calyx d.renal columns i.hilum e.renal pelvis -The inner region of the kidney