Question 1

Describe the common effects of consuming alcohol.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the common effects of consuming alcohol....

Question 2

Describe the common effects of tranquilizers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the common effects of tranquilizers....

Question 3

During sleep, periods of rapid eye movement (REM) alternate with non-REM sleep in a cycle that recurs about every:

Accepted Answer

The cycle of REM and non-REM sleep typically recurs about every 90 minutes.

Question 4

_______________ is the increased resistance to a drug's effects accompanying continued use.

Accepted Answer

Tolerance is the increased resistance to a drug's effects accompanying continued use. This means that the user may need to consume higher doses of the drug to achieve the same effect as before. Withdrawal refers to the symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops using a drug. Intoxication is the state of being under the influence of a drug, which can lead to impaired judgment and physical coordination. Reuptake refers to the process by which neurotransmitters in the brain are reabsorbed back into the neurons that released them.

Question 5

Describe the common effects of opiates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the common effects of opiates....

Question 6

An example of a biological event that follows a circadian rhythm is:

Accepted Answer

Body temperature follows a circadian rhythm. It tends to be at its lowest in the early morning hours and highest in the late afternoon or early evening. This rhythm is regulated by the body's internal clock, which is influenced by light exposure and other environmental cues.

Question 7

_______________ is a disorder in which depression occurs in the winter months.

Accepted Answer

SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder) is a type of depression that occurs in the winter months, when there is less sunlight. SCN (Suprachiasmatic Nucleus) is a part of the brain that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome) is a group of emotional and physical symptoms that occur in some women before their menstrual period. REM (Rapid Eye Movement) is a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and vivid dreams. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 8

Your cousin Brenda says she is suffering several symptoms and claims they are due to premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Which of the following symptoms that she cites is the most questionably linked to the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your cousin Brenda says she is suffering...

Question 9

The body's biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, is located in the:

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus, which controls the body's biological clock, is located in the hypothalamus.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of opiates?

Accepted Answer

Opiates cause an intense emotional rush or euphoria. Choice A is incorrect as opiates are derived from the opium poppy plant, not hemp. Choice C is also incorrect as deaths due to opiate abuse have been reported. Choice D is incorrect as cirrhosis of the liver is more commonly associated with alcohol abuse than opiate abuse.

Question 11

In _______________, a person experiences sudden unpredictable and irresistible attacks of sleepiness during the day.

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day, often triggered by strong emotions. People with narcolepsy may experience sudden and unpredictable attacks of sleepiness, cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone), and sleep paralysis.

Question 12

Describe the common effects of psychedelics.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

The _______________ theory of dreaming suggests that dreaming is simply a continuation of our daytime thinking.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive theory of dreaming states that dreams are a continuation of the mental processes that occur during waking hours, and that dreams serve a functional purpose in processing and consolidating information from our daily experiences. This theory focuses on the role of cognitive processes, such as memory and attention, in shaping dream content.

Question 14

Describe the common effects of marijuana.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the common effects of marijuana....

Question 15

When scientists use the term "biological rhythm," they are referring to:

Accepted Answer

Biological rhythm refers to a periodic, more or less regular, fluctuation in the physiological functioning of a living organism. This includes cycles such as the circadian rhythm (about 24 hours) and ultradian rhythms (less than 24 hours). Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypnotized people cannot be forced to do something against their will. While a skilled hypnotist may be able to induce a hypnotic state more easily, the ability to be hypnotized varies from person to person. Hypnosis does not increase the accuracy of memory, and a hypnotized person cannot do things that are against their moral code or will.

Question 17

_______________, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, helps to keep the biological clock in phase with the light-dark cycle.

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is the hormone secreted by the pineal gland that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle and keep the biological clock in phase with the light-dark cycle. Cortisol and progesterone are hormones that are not directly involved in regulating the biological clock. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that can influence mood and promote feelings of well-being, but it is not a hormone secreted by the pineal gland.

Question 18

The deeper stages of NREM sleep are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

The deeper stages of NREM sleep are characterized by slow brain waves called delta waves.

Question 19

Delta waves occur during:

Accepted Answer

Delta waves are high amplitude, low frequency brain waves that occur during NREM sleep, specifically during stage 3 and 4. They are associated with deep sleep, and are less frequently seen during REM sleep, paradoxical sleep, and waking.

Question 20

"Mental set" refers to:

Accepted Answer

Mental set refers to a person's expectations and preconceived notions about the effects of a drug. It can affect how a person experiences the drug, as well as their behavior and reactions. The other options (A, B, D) are not directly related to mental set.

Quiz 5: Body Rhythms and Mental States