Question 1

Aldosterone causes an increase in Na+ and ClS1U1P1-S1S1P0 _________________from the nephrons which _________ the volume of urine output.
A) reabsorption; increases
B) reabsorption; decreases
C) secretion; increases
D) secretion; decreases

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone promotes the reabsorption of Na+ (and by extension Cl-) from the nephrons, which leads to water retention and thus decreases the volume of urine output.

Question 2

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence: (1) ureter
(2) renal pelvis
(3) calyx
(4) urinary bladder
(5) urethra
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5
C) 2, 4, 5, 3, 1
D) 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
E) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence of structures in the urinary system is renal pelvis, calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. Option B has the correct sequence.

Question 3

Na⁺ reabsorption is a(n) __________ process, while Cl^- reabsoprtion is a(n) __________ process. A) active, active B) active, passive C) passive, passive D) passive, active

Accepted Answer

Sodium (Na+) reabsorption is an active process requiring ATP, while chloride (Cl-) reabsorption is generally passive, following the electrical gradient established by sodium.

Question 4

Which portion of the renal tubule reabsorbs electrolytes, plasma proteins, nutrients, vitamins, and water?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Ascending limb of nephron loop
D) Descending limb of nephron loop
E) Collecting duct

Accepted Answer

The proximal convoluted tubule is the first part of the renal tubule and is responsible for reabsorbing electrolytes, plasma proteins, nutrients, vitamins, and water.

Question 5

Which of the following are functions of the urinary system? 1. Vitamin D synthesis
2) Excretion
3) Regulation of red blood cell synthesis
4) Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood
5) Regulation of blood volume and pressure
6) Chemical digestion
A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
E) 2, 3, 4, 6

Accepted Answer

The urinary system is involved in vitamin D synthesis, excretion of waste products, regulation of red blood cell synthesis (via erythropoietin), regulation of solute concentrations in the blood, and regulation of blood volume and pressure. Chemical digestion is not a function of the urinary system.

Question 6

The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the
A) Renal capsule
B) Minor calyx
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal sinus
E) Renal cortex

Accepted Answer

The minor calyx is the first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine. It is responsible for collecting urine from the renal papilla and directing it into the major calyx, which then funnels it into the renal pelvis. The other options (renal capsule, renal pelvis, renal sinus, and renal cortex) are all structures within the kidney but are not responsible for collecting newly formed urine.

Question 7

Hypoalbunemia would cause
A) An increase in glomerular filtration pressure
B) A decrease in glomerular filtration pressure
C) A decrease in glomerular filtration rate
D) No change in glomerular filtration pressure

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hypoalbunemia would cause
A) An increase in glomerular...

Question 8

Put the portions of the urinary system in the correct order. a: Trigone of bladder
B: Urethra
C: Ureter
D: Urinary bladder
A) b, c, a, d
B) c, a, d, b
C) b, c, d, a
D) c, d, a, b
E) b, a, c, d

Accepted Answer

The correct order for the portions of the urinary system is ureter (c), urinary bladder (d), trigone of bladder (a), and urethra (b).

Question 9

Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase glomerular pressure.

Accepted Answer

Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase the blood flow into the glomerulus, which would increase glomerular pressure.

Question 10

An increase of ADH causes the kidneys to ________ the reabsorption of water, causing them to produce _______ urine.
A) increase, more
B) increase, less
C) decrease, more
D) decrease, less

Accepted Answer

An increase in ADH causes the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of water, resulting in the production of less urine. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Question 11

An internal urinary sphincter can only be found in males.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An internal urinary sphincter can only be...

Question 12

Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation. a: Capsular space of glomerulus
B: Loop of Henle
C: Collecting duct
D: Distal convoluted tubule
E: Proximal convoluted tubule
A) a, c, b, e, d
B) e, d, b, a, c
C) b, e, c, d, a
D) b, d, c, e, a
E) a, e, b, d, c

Accepted Answer

The correct order for the process of urine formation in the nephron starts with the capsular space of the glomerulus (a), where filtration occurs. Then, the filtrate moves to the proximal convoluted tubule (e) for reabsorption and secretion. Next, it proceeds to the loop of Henle (b) for further concentration, followed by the distal convoluted tubule (d) for additional adjustments. Finally, the filtrate enters the collecting duct (c), where the final urine is formed and directed towards the ureter.

Question 13

Where is the micturition reflex initiated ?
A) spinal cord
B) medulla oblongata
C) urinary bladder
D) urethra

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where is the micturition reflex initiated ?
A)...

Question 14

The ____________ fluid compartment of the body consists of all of the fluid inside the cells, while the ______________ fluid compartment consists of fluid outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and plasma.
A) intracellular, extracellular
B) extracellular, intracellular
C) interior, exterior
D) subcellular, metacellular

Accepted Answer

The intracellular fluid compartment refers to all the fluid found inside cells, while the extracellular fluid compartment refers to all the fluid found outside cells, such as interstitial fluid and plasma. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 15

This distal convoluted tubule is the primary site for the reabsorption of solutes and water.

Accepted Answer

The distal convoluted tubule is responsible for the reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water, as well as the secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions.

Question 16

The renal corpuscle consists of the Bowman's capsule and the pertibular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

The renal corpuscle consists of the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus, not the peritubular capillaries.

Question 17

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, one ureter, one urinary bladder, and two urethrae.

Accepted Answer

The urinary system includes these structures in pairs, except for the urethra, which has one in males and one in females.

Question 18

The kidneys lie on the posterior abdominal wall, within the peritoneum.

Accepted Answer

The kidneys are located on the posterior abdominal wall but are retroperitoneal, meaning they lie behind the peritoneum, not within it.

Question 19

By the time the filtrate reaches the tip of the renal pyramid, the concentration of the filtrate is higher than the concentration of the interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

As the filtrate moves down the descending limb of the loop of Henle into the renal pyramid, it becomes more concentrated due to water reabsorption. However, the interstitial fluid in the medulla, which surrounds the loop, is even more concentrated due to the counter-current multiplier system, ensuring efficient reabsorption of water and salts.

Question 20

Which is not a function of the urinary system?
A) Regulation of blood volume
B) Excretion of wastes
C) Regulation of erythrocyte production
D) Regulation of lymphocyte production
E) Storage of urine

Accepted Answer

The urinary system does not regulate lymphocyte production. It primarily functions to regulate blood volume, excrete wastes, and regulate erythrocyte production through the hormone erythropoietin. It also stores urine until it is released from the body through the urethra.

Quiz 18: Urinary System and Fluid Balance

Aldosterone causes an increase in Na+ and Cl^- _________from the nephrons which _ the volume of urine output.

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence: (1) ureter (2) renal pelvis (3) calyx (4) urinary bladder (5) urethra

Na⁺ reabsorption is a(n) process, while Cl^- reabsoprtion is a(n) process.

Which portion of the renal tubule reabsorbs electrolytes, plasma proteins, nutrients, vitamins, and water?

Which of the following are functions of the urinary system? 1. Vitamin D synthesis 2) Excretion 3) Regulation of red blood cell synthesis 4) Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood 5) Regulation of blood volume and pressure 6) Chemical digestion

The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the

Hypoalbunemia would cause

Put the portions of the urinary system in the correct order. a: Trigone of bladder B: Urethra C: Ureter D: Urinary bladder

Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase glomerular pressure.

An increase of ADH causes the kidneys to __ the reabsorption of water, causing them to produce _ urine.

An internal urinary sphincter can only be found in males.

Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation. a: Capsular space of glomerulus B: Loop of Henle C: Collecting duct D: Distal convoluted tubule E: Proximal convoluted tubule

Where is the micturition reflex initiated ?

The fluid compartment of the body consists of all of the fluid inside the cells, while the __ fluid compartment consists of fluid outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and plasma.

This distal convoluted tubule is the primary site for the reabsorption of solutes and water.

The renal corpuscle consists of the Bowman's capsule and the pertibular capillaries.

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, one ureter, one urinary bladder, and two urethrae.

The kidneys lie on the posterior abdominal wall, within the peritoneum.

By the time the filtrate reaches the tip of the renal pyramid, the concentration of the filtrate is higher than the concentration of the interstitial fluid.

Which is not a function of the urinary system?

Quiz 18: Urinary System and Fluid Balance

Aldosterone causes an increase in Na+ and Cl- _________________from the nephrons which _________ the volume of urine output.

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence: (1) ureter (2) renal pelvis (3) calyx (4) urinary bladder (5) urethra

Na+ reabsorption is a(n) __________ process, while Cl- reabsoprtion is a(n) __________ process.

Which portion of the renal tubule reabsorbs electrolytes, plasma proteins, nutrients, vitamins, and water?

Which of the following are functions of the urinary system? 1. Vitamin D synthesis 2) Excretion 3) Regulation of red blood cell synthesis 4) Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood 5) Regulation of blood volume and pressure 6) Chemical digestion

The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the

Hypoalbunemia would cause

Put the portions of the urinary system in the correct order. a: Trigone of bladder B: Urethra C: Ureter D: Urinary bladder

Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase glomerular pressure.

An increase of ADH causes the kidneys to ________ the reabsorption of water, causing them to produce _______ urine.

An internal urinary sphincter can only be found in males.

Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation. a: Capsular space of glomerulus B: Loop of Henle C: Collecting duct D: Distal convoluted tubule E: Proximal convoluted tubule

Where is the micturition reflex initiated ?

The ____________ fluid compartment of the body consists of all of the fluid inside the cells, while the ______________ fluid compartment consists of fluid outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and plasma.

This distal convoluted tubule is the primary site for the reabsorption of solutes and water.

The renal corpuscle consists of the Bowman's capsule and the pertibular capillaries.

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, one ureter, one urinary bladder, and two urethrae.

The kidneys lie on the posterior abdominal wall, within the peritoneum.

By the time the filtrate reaches the tip of the renal pyramid, the concentration of the filtrate is higher than the concentration of the interstitial fluid.

Which is not a function of the urinary system?

Aldosterone causes an increase in Na+ and Cl^- _________from the nephrons which _ the volume of urine output.

Na⁺ reabsorption is a(n) process, while Cl^- reabsoprtion is a(n) process.

An increase of ADH causes the kidneys to __ the reabsorption of water, causing them to produce _ urine.

The fluid compartment of the body consists of all of the fluid inside the cells, while the __ fluid compartment consists of fluid outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and plasma.