Pulmonary symptoms, such as dyspnea and cough, common to left heart failure are a result of:
A) inflammatory pulmonary edema.
B) decreased cardiac output.
C) pulmonary vascular congestion.
D) bronchoconstriction.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Pulmonary symptoms in left heart failure are caused by pulmonary vascular congestion due to increased pressure in the pulmonary veins and capillaries, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs. This results in symptoms such as dyspnea and cough. Inflammatory pulmonary edema and bronchoconstriction may contribute to respiratory distress, but they are not the primary causes of pulmonary symptoms in left heart failure. Decreased cardiac output may lead to systemic symptoms, but it is not specifically related to pulmonary symptoms.

Pulmonary Symptoms, Such as Dyspnea and Cough, Common to Left