Question 1

Soft, painless, bluish papules in persons who are HIV-positive are most likely:

Accepted Answer

Kaposi sarcoma is the more common malignant skin lesion of HIV-infected persons. The lesions are soft, painless, bluish-purple macules or papules.

Question 2

The nurse assesses the nail base angle using the Schamroth technique. The normal expected examination finding is nail beds that are _____ at the bases.

Accepted Answer

The normal nail base angle should be 160 degrees, which results in a concave nail base that produces a diamond-shaped window with the Schamroth technique.

Question 3

Assessment of poor hygiene, healed fractures with deformity, or unexplained trauma in older adults indicates:

Accepted Answer

Described is the most common form of elder abuse, physical neglect.

Question 4

A 17-year-old student complains of a "rash for 3 days." You note pale, erythematous oval plaques over the trunk. They have fine scales and are arranged in a fernlike pattern, with parallel alignment. What is the nurse's next action?

Accepted Answer

The described rash is the typical presentation of pityriasis rosea. The rash is not infectious or contagious, does not involve the palms and soles, and usually lasts for several weeks. Pityriasis rosea begins with a sudden primary (herald) patch, with generalized eruption to the trunk and extremities following 1 to 3 weeks later.

Question 5

During history taking, a mother states that her son awoke in the middle of the night complaining of intense itching to his legs. Today, your inspection reveals a honey-colored exudate from the vesicular rash on his legs. Which condition is consistent with these findings?

Accepted Answer

Impetigo causes intense pruritus, regional lymphadenopathy, and honey-colored exudative crusting as the vesicles or bullae rupture and dry.

Question 6

A slightly elevated brownish papule with indistinct borders is a typical characteristic of a(n) _____ nevus.

Accepted Answer

Only a compound nevus is slightly elevated and brown, with indistinct borders.

Question 7

Individuals with dark pigmentary demarcation lines show lighter coloration on ________ body surfaces.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with pigmentary demarcation lines have darker skin on the outward-facing surfaces and lighter skin on the inward-facing surfaces.

Question 8

Damage into the subcutaneous tissue in a decubitus ulcer occurs at stage _____.

Accepted Answer

Stage III describes damage through to the subcutaneous tissue.

Question 9

Which of the following identify the signs and symptoms of basal cell cancer?

Accepted Answer

Common signs and symptoms of basal cell carcinoma include a, pink, red, tan, white, black, or brown shiny nodule, in a variety of clinical forms, which may be crusted and itching.

Question 10

A 5-year-old child presents with discrete vesicles on an erythematous base (dew drops on a rose petal appearance) that began near her scalp and are spreading to the trunk. The child has a low-grade fever and feels tired. What is the nurse's next action?

Accepted Answer

The description of this child's complaint is a varicella rash, not physical abuse or rubeola. Chickenpox is a highly communicable disease and can be prevented by immunization. The period of communicability lasts from 1 or 2 days before onset of the rash until all the vesicles have crusted over, which usually takes about 1 week. This is not physical abuse. Inspecting the buccal mucosa for Koplik spots will not diagnose the problem. This will not resolve within a couple of days.

Question 11

You are conducting a preschool examination on a 5-year-old child. Which injury would most likely raise your suspicion that the child was being abused?

Accepted Answer

Toddlers and older children who bruise themselves accidentally do so over bony prominences, like the knees, chin, and shin. Bruises over soft tissues are more consistent with abuse.

Question 12

Which of the following is an ABCD characteristic of malignant melanoma?

Accepted Answer

ABCD melanoma mnemonic includes asymmetry, borders that are irregular, color that is not the same all over, and diameter larger than 6 mm and growing.

Question 13

Painful vesicles are associated with:

Accepted Answer

Herpes zoster (shingles) produces painful itching or burning of the dermatome area.

Question 14

The most common cutaneous neoplasm is:

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer. It occurs more frequently on sun-exposed parts of the body.

Quiz 8: Skin, Hair, and Nails