Question 1

Which of the following measures can have a dramatic impact on minimizing the genetic influence on BMI?

Accepted Answer

Vigorous exercise can significantly reduce the genetic influence on BMI by promoting energy expenditure and improving metabolic health, thereby counteracting genetic predispositions to higher BMI.

Question 2

Which of the following describes a trend of worldwide obesity?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Prevalence of obesity is at an epidemic level" best describes the trend of worldwide obesity. This is supported by numerous studies that show increasing rates of obesity across the globe.

Question 3

Which of the following defines the body's set point?

Accepted Answer

The body's set point is the point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight. It is the weight range that the body defends through physiological mechanisms in order to maintain homeostasis. This set point can vary among individuals and can be influenced by factors such as genetics, environment, and lifestyle.

Question 4

Which of the following statements demonstrates the relationship between fat cell development and weight?

Accepted Answer

This statement directly links the development of fat cells to weight, indicating that obese individuals have more and larger fat cells than those at a healthy weight. This suggests that the accumulation of excess fat is related to the number and size of fat cells in the body.

Question 5

The most likely explanation for why women readily store fat around the hips whereas men readily store fat around the abdomen is gender differences in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The activity of lipoprotein lipase is higher in fat cells around the hips in women and in fat cells around the abdomen in men. This leads to the preferential storage of fat in these areas, contributing to the gender differences in fat distribution.

Question 6

Hyperplastic obesity is related to which of the following changes?

Accepted Answer

Hyperplastic obesity is characterized by an increase in the number of fat cells, rather than an increase in the size of fat cells. This can occur due to genetic factors or over-nutrition during early childhood. An increase in fat absorption or a decrease in ketone formation would not be directly related to hyperplastic obesity.

Question 7

Which of the following enzymes is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes?

Accepted Answer

Lipoprotein lipase is an enzyme that promotes the uptake of fatty acids into adipocytes, promoting fat storage. Adipose tissue lipase, on the other hand, promotes the breakdown of stored fat, making it available for energy production. Cellulite synthetase and lipoprotein synthetase are not known enzymes.

Question 8

Which one of the following describes the behaviour of fat cells?

Accepted Answer

Fat cells, or adipocytes, increase in number during childhood and adolescence, but once a person reaches adulthood, the number of fat cells tends to stabilize. While the size of these cells can change based on weight gain or loss, the number of fat cells generally remains constant in adulthood, barring extreme conditions.

Question 9

Obesity resulting from an increase in the size of fat cells is termed which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophic obesity is characterized by an increase in the size of fat cells. Hyperplastic obesity, on the other hand, is characterized by an increase in the number of fat cells. Idiopathic leptinemia and anaplastic hypometabolism are not recognized medical terms.

Question 10

From which of the following areas of the body do women have the most difficulty in losing weight?

Accepted Answer

Women tend to store fat in their hips and thighs due to genetics and hormonal factors. This area is also known as the "pear shape" and is often the most difficult area for women to lose weight from.

Question 11

Which of the following terms is used to describe fat cell death?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is characterized by the shrinkage of the cell, the condensation of the nucleus, and the fragmentation of the DNA. It is a normal process that occurs in the body to remove damaged or unwanted cells.

Question 12

Tom was overweight when he was 13. During puberty he continued to gain weight steadily until at age 23, when he decided to lose weight. Tom successfully lost 22.7 kg. Which of the following most likely happened to Tom's fat cells?

Accepted Answer

When an individual loses weight, their fat cells do not decrease in number, but they do shrink in size. This is because fat cells can expand or shrink depending on the amount of fat stored in them. Therefore, Tom's fat cells most likely shrank in size but did not decrease in number when he lost 22.7 kg. Option B is incorrect as fat cells do not melt away when an individual burns excess fat. Option C is incorrect as fat cells do not decrease in number when an individual loses weight. Option D is incorrect as fat cells can shrink with a weight loss less than 45.5 kg.

Question 13

Which of these is the classification of a person who is 193 centimetres tall and 92 kg?

Accepted Answer

To determine the classification of a person's weight, we need to calculate their body mass index (BMI). 
BMI = (weight in kilograms) / (height in meters)^2
In this case, the person's height is 193 cm, which is equivalent to 1.93 meters. 
BMI = 92 / (1.93)^2 = 24.7
A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered a healthy weight, so this person is just slightly above that range. However, a BMI between 25 and 29.9 is classified as overweight, which applies to this person. Therefore, the correct answer is C - overweight.

Question 14

According to body mass index figures, what percentage of people aged 2-19 years are overweight or obese?

Accepted Answer

According to recent data, about 26 percent of people aged 2-19 years are considered overweight or obese based on body mass index (BMI) figures.

Question 15

The concept which suggests that those individuals who use energy sparingly will store fat more readily, thus increasing his/her chances of weight gain, is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The concept referred to in the question is known as the thrifty gene theory. According to this theory, some individuals have a genetic predisposition to storing energy (in the form of fat) more efficiently as a survival mechanism. This may have been an advantageous trait in the past, when food was scarce, but in today's environment of abundant, high-calorie foods and sedentary lifestyles, it can lead to weight gain and obesity.

Question 16

According to body mass index values, the percentage of the Canadian adult population that is considered overweight or obese is which of these?

Accepted Answer

According to recent statistics, about 60 percent of the Canadian adult population is considered overweight or obese based on body mass index (BMI) values.

Question 17

Adverse effects on organs such as the liver from the presence of excess body fat is known as which of these?

Accepted Answer

Lipotoxicity refers to the harmful effects on organs and tissues, such as the liver, caused by excess body fat. This occurs because the excess fat can lead to an accumulation of toxic substances within the cells of these organs, causing damage and dysfunction.

Question 18

Which of these is Prader-Willi syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by obesity, intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and other physical and hormonal abnormalities. It is caused by the loss of function of specific genes in the chromosome 15q11-13 region.

Question 19

Which of these is the rationale for the fat cell theory of obesity?

Accepted Answer

The fat cell theory of obesity suggests that the number of fat cells increases most readily during late childhood and early puberty, setting a foundation for obesity later in life. This period is critical for fat cell proliferation, and the number of fat cells established during this time can influence obesity risk in adulthood.

Question 20

Obesity resulting from an increase in the number of fat cells is termed which of these?

Accepted Answer

Hyperplastic obesity is characterized by an increase in the number of fat cells, while hypertrophic obesity is characterized by an increase in the size of existing fat cells. Idiopathic leptinemia and anaplastic hypometabolism are not recognized terms in the field of obesity.

Quiz 9: Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight