Question 1

The nurse directs the client interaction and plans for interventions to achieve client goals.According to Peplau's framework for psychodynamic nursing,which therapeutic role is this nurse assuming?

Accepted Answer

The nurse is assuming the role of a leader according to Peplau's framework for psychodynamic nursing. This role involves directing client interactions and planning interventions to achieve client goals.

Question 2

A father of a 5-year-old demeans and curses at his child for disobedience.In turn,when upset,the child uses swear words in kindergarten.The school nurse recognizes this behavior as unsuccessful completion of which of Peplau's Stages of Personality Development?

Accepted Answer

Identifying oneself is the stage where the child starts to develop a sense of self and their own individuality. The use of language, including swear words, is a part of this process. However, the negative behavior exhibited by the child is a result of the father's demeaning and cursing behavior, which can be seen as hindering the child's progress in this stage.

Question 3

A 1-month-old infant is left alone for extended periods,has little physical stimulation,and is malnourished.Based on this infant's history,in which phase of development,according to Mahler's theory,should the nurse expect to see a deficit?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

Which underlying concept should the nurse associate with interpersonal theory when assessing clients?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal theory emphasizes the importance of social processes on personality development, particularly in regards to how individuals interact with and are influenced by those around them.

Question 5

A 12-year-old girl becomes hysterical every time she strikes out in softball,falls down when roller-skating,or loses when playing games.According to Peplau's interpersonal theory,which stage of development should the nurse identify the client needs to improve?

Accepted Answer

According to Peplau's interpersonal theory, the stage of "Developing skills in participation" involves learning to engage in cooperative play and developing social skills, which is relevant for a 12-year-old struggling with losing and participating in activities.

Question 6

The nurse observes a 3-year-old client willingly sharing candy with a sibling.According to Peplau,which psychological stage of development should the nurse recognize that this child has completed?

Accepted Answer

According to Peplau's theory of interpersonal relations, the stage of "Learning to delay satisfaction" is a developmental milestone that involves the ability to wait for gratification and is indicative of emotional and psychological maturity. This is observed in the child's willingness to share candy, demonstrating the ability to delay personal satisfaction for the benefit of another.

Question 7

When assessing clients,the psychiatric nurse should understand that psychoanalytic theory is based on which underlying concept?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory is based on the structure and dynamics of the personality, which includes the roles of the conscious and unconscious mind, the ego, id, and superego, and the defense mechanisms that individuals use to cope with anxiety and conflicts. The theory focuses on the client's past experiences and early childhood development, and how these influence their current thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Genetic factors may be considered, but they are not the primary focus of psychoanalytic theory. Behavioral responses to stressors and maladaptive cognitions are concepts that are more closely associated with cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 8

A married,26-year-old client works as a school teacher.She and her husband have just had their first child.The nurse should recognize that this client is successfully accomplishing which stage of Erikson's developmental theory?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stage of "Intimacy versus Isolation" typically occurs during young adulthood, around ages 20 to 40. This stage focuses on forming intimate, loving relationships with others. The scenario of a 26-year-old who is married and has just had their first child indicates successful navigation of this stage, as the individual is building a family and establishing close personal relationships.

Question 9

A physically healthy,35-year-old single client lives with parents who provide total financial support.According to Erikson's theory,which developmental task should the nurse assist the client to accomplish?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, the developmental task for a 35-year-old adult is to establish a sense of generativity versus stagnation. This involves establishing a career, personal relationships, and societal connections. As the client is physically healthy and financially dependent on parents, they may need assistance in achieving this developmental task.

Question 10

When a mother brings her 9-month-old to day care,the child smiles and reaches for the day-care caregiver.The nurse should recognize that,according to Mahler's developmental theory,this child's development is at which phase?

Accepted Answer

The behavior described indicates the child is in the Differentiation subphase of the separation-individuation phase, according to Mahler's theory. This phase typically occurs between 5 to 10 months of age, where infants begin to differentiate themselves from their primary caregiver, showing signs of independence while still needing reassurance.

Question 11

A 6-year-old boy uses his father's flashlight to explore his 3-year-old sister's genitalia.According to Freud,in which stage of psychosocial development should the nurse identify this behavior as normal?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the phallic stage occurs between 3 to 6 years of age and involves the child's fascination and exploration of their own genitalia as well as those of the opposite sex. This behavior is considered normal and part of the child's developmental process during this stage.

Question 12

A 10-year-old child wins the science fair competition and is chosen as a cheerleader for the basketball team.The nurse should recognize that this child is in the process of successfully accomplishing which stage of Erikson's developmental theory?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's developmental theory, children between the ages of 6 and 12 are in the stage of industry versus inferiority. During this stage, children strive to achieve competence and a sense of mastery in various areas such as academics, sports, and social activities. Winning the science fair competition and being chosen as a cheerleader for the basketball team are both examples of achievement and success in different areas, indicating that the child is successfully accomplishing this stage.

Question 13

A jilted college student is admitted to the hospital following a suicide attempt and states,"No one will ever love a loser like me." According to Erikson's theory of personality development,the nurse recognizes a deficit in which developmental stage?

Accepted Answer

The statement made by the college student indicates a deficit in the stage of intimacy versus isolation. This stage, typically occurring in young adulthood, involves the development of close interpersonal relationships and the fear of being alone or rejected. The student's belief that no one will love them suggests a struggle with developing intimate relationships and a fear of being isolated.

Question 14

A female complains that her husband only meets his sexual needs and never her needs.According to Freud,which personality structure should the nurse identify is predominantly driving the husband's actions?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the id is the primitive and instinctual part of the personality that seeks immediate gratification of desires and needs, without considering the consequences or the needs of others. Therefore, if the husband is only focused on meeting his own sexual needs and not considering his partner's needs, it can be argued that his actions are driven by the id.

Question 15

According to Peplau,the nurse who provides an abandoned child with parental guidance and praise following small accomplishments is serving which therapeutic role?

Accepted Answer

According to Peplau, the therapeutic role of a nurse who provides an abandoned child with parental guidance and praise following small accomplishments is the role of a surrogate. This role involves substituting for another individual who is unable to fulfill a specific role or has lost the capacity to make decisions.

Question 16

According to psychoanalytic theory,treatment of symptoms should involve which nursing action?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory, founded by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes and childhood experiences in shaping behavior and personality. It suggests that psychological symptoms are the result of unresolved conflicts, often stemming from early life experiences. Discussing the client's use of ego defense mechanisms is a direct approach in psychoanalytic therapy to help clients understand and resolve these unconscious conflicts, leading to symptom relief.

Question 17

According to Freud,which statement should the nurse associate with predominance of the superego?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, the superego is the part of the psyche that embodies the internalized moral standards and values of society, represented by the conscience. Therefore, the statement "I don't ever cheat on tests; it is wrong" reflects the predominance of the superego, as the individual is following society's moral standards and values.

Question 18

According to Erikson's developmental theory,when planning care for a 47-year-old client,which developmental task should the nurse identify as appropriate for this client?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's developmental stage for middle adulthood is generativity versus stagnation. This stage involves establishing and guiding the next generation through activities such as parenting, mentoring, and community involvement. It also involves reflecting on past accomplishments and failures, and working towards achieving established life goals. Therefore, the appropriate developmental task for a 47-year-old client would be to achieve established life goals and consider the welfare of future generations (option D). Options A, B, and C relate to earlier stages of development.

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is quarrelsome and opinionated and has little regard for others.According to Sullivan's interpersonal theory,the nurse should associate the client's behaviors with a deficit in which stage of development?

Accepted Answer

According to Sullivan's interpersonal theory, the childhood stage is crucial for learning about the importance of relationships and the feelings of others. A deficit in this stage can lead to being quarrelsome and having little regard for others, as it is during childhood that individuals learn to engage with peers and develop empathy and social skills.

Question 20

A client has flashbacks of sexual abuse by her uncle.She had not been aware of these memories until recently when she became sexually active with her boyfriend.The nurse should identify this experience as which part of Sullivan's concept of the self-system?

Accepted Answer

The concept of the "not me" in Sullivan's self-system refers to those aspects of the self that the individual dissociates or separates from their conscious awareness. The memories of sexual abuse in this scenario were not consciously accessible to the client until recently, and therefore fall under the category of the "not me." The "good me" and "bad me" refer to aspects of the self that the individual is aware of and identifies with, while the "bad you" refers to negative projections of the self onto others.

Quiz 41: Theoretical Models of Personality Development