Question 1

When you assert that it is improbable that the mean intelligence test score of a particular group is 100,you are using ____.
A) descriptive statistics
B) scale
C) reliability
D) inferential statistics

Accepted Answer

When making a statement about the mean intelligence test score of a particular group, you are making an inference about the population based on a sample. This requires the use of inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics would simply describe the characteristics of the sample without making any inferences, a scale measures the level or magnitude of a variable, and reliability refers to the consistency of a measure over time.

Question 2

Which of the following evaluates data against rigid statistical rules?
A) confirmatory data analysis
B) tests of statistical significance
C) factor analysis
D) psychometrics

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

What do the rules used in measurement do?
A) Transform the qualities of attributes into numbers.
B) Identify and correct for potential sources of bias.
C) Relate individual scores to those of the normative populations.
D) Allow for the determination of reliability and validity.

Accepted Answer

The rules used in measurement transform the qualities of attributes into numbers, such as assigning a weight to an object or measuring the length of an item. This allows for standardization and objective comparison between different measurements. The other choices relate to specific aspects of measuring and do not encompass the overarching purpose of the rules used in measurement.

Question 4

The speedometer on your car is an example of what kind of scale measurement?
A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Accepted Answer

A speedometer measures speed, which has a true zero point (0 mph means no movement) and equal intervals, making it a ratio scale.

Question 5

Which type of scale simply ranks observations?
A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Accepted Answer

An ordinal scale simply ranks observations according to some criterion, without necessarily specifying the size or magnitude of the differences between them. It does not have a true zero point and does not allow for meaningful calculations such as addition or subtraction.

Question 6

An equal interval is found in which of the following?
A) telephone numbers
B) rulers
C) National Football League team standings
D) ethnicity distribution

Accepted Answer

Rulers have an equal interval between each unit of measurement. In telephone numbers and ethnicity distribution, the intervals do not have an equal distance between each value. National Football League team standings use a ranking system and do not have a constant interval between each team's ranking.

Question 7

Statistical procedures that summarize and describe a series of observations are called
A) inferential statistics.
B) descriptive statistics.
C) scales.
D) ratios.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics are used to summarize and describe a series of observations, while inferential statistics are used to make inferences and predictions about a larger population based on a sample. Scales and ratios are measurement concepts and are not directly related to statistical procedures.

Question 8

When the relationship between the unit of measurement of a scale (strength)and an outcome (pounds lifted)can be described by a linear equation Y = a + bX,the scale is said to have what property?
A) magnitude
B) equal intervals
C) absolute zero
D) nominal

Accepted Answer

The property described is equal intervals, which means that the difference between any two values on the scale is the same throughout the range. This is reflected in the linear equation form Y = a + bX, where b represents the constant rate of change or slope of the line.

Question 9

Scales of measurement differ from one another in terms of
A) magnitude,absolute measurement,and equal intervals.
B) magnitude,relative zero,and equal intervals.
C) numbers,relative zero,and equal intervals
D) magnitude,absolute zero,and equal intervals.

Accepted Answer

Scales of measurement differ from one another in terms of magnitude (how much of something there is), absolute zero (the complete absence of the attribute being measured), and equal intervals (where the distance between any two points on a scale is the same as the distance between any other two points). Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes all three important components of measurement scales: magnitude, absolute zero, and equal intervals.

Question 10

A scale that allows one to determine only if there is more,less,or an equal amount of the attribute in comparison to another observation is called a(n)____ scale.
A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Accepted Answer

An ordinal scale allows for observations to be ranked in order, but does not provide information on the magnitude of the difference between observations. Therefore, it only allows for comparisons in terms of more, less, or equal amounts of the attribute. Nominal scales only provide categories, interval scales have equal intervals but no true zero point, and ratio scales have both equal intervals and a true zero point.

Question 11

Trial by judge and jury is to criminal investigation and prosecution as confirmatory data analysis is to
A) theoretical assumptions
B) reliability and validity
C) underlying constructs
D) exploratory data analysis

Accepted Answer

Confirmatory data analysis is the process of testing pre-existing theories or hypotheses using collected data, similar to trial by judge and jury relying on existing laws and evidence. Exploratory data analysis, on the other hand, is the process of discovering patterns and relationships in the data, which is not directly related to trial by judge and jury. The other choices (A), (B), and (C) are more closely related to the development and testing of theories, not the process of confirming or testing them.

Question 12

Which of the following scales has the properties of magnitude,absolute zero,and equal intervals?
A) ordinal
B) interval
C) nominal
D) ratio

Accepted Answer

The ratio scale has all three properties of magnitude, absolute zero, and equal intervals. Magnitude means that numbers can be compared to each other, absolute zero means that zero represents the absence of the attribute being measured, and equal intervals means that the distance between any two points on the scale is the same. The other scales do not have all three properties.

Question 13

In which scales can you make meaningful interpretation of an arithmetic operation such as addition?
A) nominal scale and ordinal scale
B) ordinal scale and interval scale
C) interval scale and nominal scale
D) ratio scale and interval scale

Accepted Answer

Ratio and interval scales both have equal intervals and a fixed zero point, allowing for meaningful interpretation of arithmetic operations such as addition.

Question 14

A property of a scale that implies the complete absence of the measured attribute is called a(n)
A) magnitude.
B) absolute zero.
C) equal interval.
D) ratio.

Accepted Answer

An absolute zero point on a scale implies that the measured attribute is completely absent. This is because an absolute zero point represents a true absence of the attribute, rather than just a small or insignificant quantity. Magnitude, equal interval, and ratio are not necessarily indicative of the absence of the measured attribute.

Question 15

Many feel that the difference between an IQ of 100 and 105 is not the same as the difference between an IQ 70 and 75.These people feel that IQ tests lack ____.
A) absolute zeroes
B) magnitudes
C) ratios
D) equal intervals

Accepted Answer

IQ tests lack equal intervals, meaning that the difference between scores is not consistent across the entire range of scores. This is a characteristic of an interval scale. However, IQ tests do have an absolute zero (for example, someone with an IQ of 0 would be non-existent), so A is not the correct answer. While IQ tests may have magnitudes (a score of 105 is larger than a score of 100), this does not accurately address the issue with the consistency of the differences between the scores, so B is not the correct answer. Lastly, ratios are not relevant to IQ scores, so C is not the correct answer.

Question 16

The Fahrenheit scale of temperature (32°F= freezing;212°F= boiling)is best described as
A) nominal.
B) ordinal.
C) interval.
D) ratio.

Accepted Answer

The Fahrenheit scale is an interval scale because it has equal intervals between units, but it does not have a true zero point (absolute absence of temperature).

Question 17

If a scale allows one to say whether a particular instance has more,less,or the same amount of an attribute as another instance,the scale is said to have
A) cross validity
B) measurement
C) magnitude
D) comparativity

Accepted Answer

This type of scale is said to have magnitude because it allows for the comparison of the amount of an attribute between instances, indicating which has more, less, or the same amount.

Question 18

Statistical procedures that allow one to make inferences about large groups by examining a smaller sample are called
A) populations.
B) descriptive statistics.
C) inferential statistics.
D) ratios.

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics are specifically designed to make predictions or inferences about a larger population based on a smaller sample of data. Descriptive statistics, on the other hand, are used to summarize and describe the sample data itself. Populations refer to the entire group of individuals that the researcher is interested in studying, and ratios are a type of descriptive statistic that compare one variable to another within a single data set.

Question 19

A scale that allows us to rank individuals or objects,but not to say anything about the meaning of the differences between the ranks,is a(n)
A) nominal scale.
B) ordinal scale.
C) interval scale.
D) ratio scale.

Accepted Answer

An ordinal scale is a scale that allows us to rank individuals or objects in a specific order or sequence, without being able to determine the magnitude or meaning of the difference between the ranks. In other words, an ordinal scale only tells us who or what comes first, second, third, etc., but it does not provide us with any information about the distance or intervals between the ranks. For example, we can use an ordinal scale to rank the top 10 students in a class based on their grades, but we cannot tell how much higher or lower one student's grade is compared to another.

Question 20

Which of the following scales would be used when the information is qualitative rather than quantitative?
A) ordinal
B) interval
C) nominal
D) ratio

Accepted Answer

When the information is qualitative, meaning it cannot be quantified or measured, the nominal scale is the best choice. The nominal scale is used to categorize data into mutually exclusive groups, such as gender or ethnicity, and does not involve any ranking or ordering. The other scales listed involve measurement or ranking, which is not applicable for qualitative data.

Quiz 2: Norms and Basic Statistics for Testing

When you assert that it is improbable that the mean intelligence test score of a particular group is 100,you are using ____.

Which of the following evaluates data against rigid statistical rules?

What do the rules used in measurement do?

The speedometer on your car is an example of what kind of scale measurement?

Which type of scale simply ranks observations?

An equal interval is found in which of the following?

Statistical procedures that summarize and describe a series of observations are called

When the relationship between the unit of measurement of a scale (strength) and an outcome (pounds lifted) can be described by a linear equation Y = a + bX,the scale is said to have what property?

Scales of measurement differ from one another in terms of

A scale that allows one to determine only if there is more,less,or an equal amount of the attribute in comparison to another observation is called a(n) ____ scale.

Trial by judge and jury is to criminal investigation and prosecution as confirmatory data analysis is to

Which of the following scales has the properties of magnitude,absolute zero,and equal intervals?

In which scales can you make meaningful interpretation of an arithmetic operation such as addition?

A property of a scale that implies the complete absence of the measured attribute is called a(n)

Many feel that the difference between an IQ of 100 and 105 is not the same as the difference between an IQ 70 and 75.These people feel that IQ tests lack ____.

The Fahrenheit scale of temperature (32°F= freezing;212°F= boiling) is best described as

If a scale allows one to say whether a particular instance has more,less,or the same amount of an attribute as another instance,the scale is said to have

Statistical procedures that allow one to make inferences about large groups by examining a smaller sample are called

A scale that allows us to rank individuals or objects,but not to say anything about the meaning of the differences between the ranks,is a(n)

Which of the following scales would be used when the information is qualitative rather than quantitative?