Question 1

Researchers who are affiliated with the cognitive processes approach to intelligence:

Accepted Answer

Researchers who are affiliated with the cognitive processes approach to intelligence study the specific thought processes that underlie mental abilities. They believe that intelligence is composed of different mental abilities, and they seek to understand how those abilities work together to influence test performance.

Question 2

Elizabeth is taking a psychology class because she wants to learn more about herself and who she truly is.According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences,Elizabeth will be relying on her _____________ intelligence to do this.

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences includes intrapersonal intelligence, which involves self-awareness, reflective thinking, and understanding one's own emotions and motivations. Elizabeth's desire to learn more about herself aligns with the characteristics of intrapersonal intelligence.

Question 3

In Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities,crystallized and fluid intelligence are considered part of the:

Accepted Answer

In Carroll's three-stratum theory, crystallized and fluid intelligence are both considered part of the Broad Stratum II, which includes more specific cognitive abilities. The Narrow Stratum I includes very specific abilities, such as identifying pitch or recognizing faces, while the General Stratum III includes the overall level of cognitive ability. Carroll did include the constructs of crystallized and fluid intelligence in his theory.

Question 4

Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities is an integrative model of intelligence that contains elements from which three theorists?

Accepted Answer

Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities integrates elements from Spearman's g factor, Thurstone's primary mental abilities, and the Cattell-Horn theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence.

Question 5

Charles Spearman's g factor conception of intelligence and L.L.Thurstone's primary mental abilities conception of intelligence are similar in that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Charles Spearman's g factor conception of intelligence...

Question 6

The ability to apply previously learned knowledge to current problems,which involves retrieving both factual knowledge and problem-solving schemas from long term memory,is called:

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the ability to use pre-existing knowledge and skills to solve problems. It involves retrieving factual knowledge and problem-solving schemas from long term memory. This is different from fluid intelligence, which involves the ability to reason and solve novel problems independently of previously learned information. Psychometric intelligence refers to the measurement of intelligence through standardized tests, and deductive intelligence refers to the ability to reason logically from general principles to specific instances.

Question 7

Similar to an achievement test that measures facts and knowledge you have already learned,this is a measure of the ability to apply previously learned information to current problems.This measure is called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Similar to an achievement test that measures...

Question 8

According to the text,the argument that intelligence consists of a single general ability factor was first advanced by:

Accepted Answer

The text states that the argument that intelligence consists of a single general ability factor was first advanced by Charles Spearman.

Question 9

With regard to fluid and crystallized intelligence,research has concluded that:

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence, which involves the use of learned knowledge and experience, tends to remain stable or even improve with age, while fluid intelligence, which involves the ability to think and reason abstractly and solve problems, tends to decline.

Question 10

A study of the structure of the intellect and determining such things as the number of mental abilities responsible for test performance is the focus of the ____________ approach to intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The psychometric approach to intelligence focuses on the structure of the intellect and seeks to determine the number of mental abilities responsible for test performance. This approach is concerned with the measurement of intelligence and the development of standardized tests. Cognitive processes refer to the mental processes involved in thinking, perceiving, and problem solving. Psychosocial approaches focus on the social and emotional aspects of intelligence, while constructivist approaches emphasize the role of the individual in constructing their own understanding of the world.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's multiple intelligences?

Accepted Answer

Gardner's multiple intelligences include musical, intrapersonal, and naturalistic, but artistic is not one of them. However, Gardner does include visual-spatial intelligence, which can be related to artistic abilities.

Question 12

An exceptional hockey player like Sidney Crosby would,according to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences,not only have high bodily kinesthetic intelligence but also likely have high ________ intelligence to be able to keep track of the other players on the ice,and predict and understand the movement of the puck.

Accepted Answer

Visuospatial intelligence involves the ability to visualize and manipulate objects in the mind's eye, as well as to understand and navigate the physical world. In hockey, players need to be able to keep track of multiple moving objects (other players, the puck, etc.) at once and anticipate where they will be going, which requires strong visuospatial skills. It is also possible that players with high intrapersonal intelligence (the ability to understand and manage one's own thoughts and emotions) may excel in hockey, as the sport requires self-awareness and the ability to stay calm under pressure, but this is not mentioned in the question stem. Logical-mathematical intelligence and naturalistic intelligence are not as directly relevant to hockey gameplay.

Question 13

Similar to an aptitude test that measures your ability to learn things in the future,a measure of the ability to deal with novel problems,reasoning abstractly,and thinking logically is called ________________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence refers to one's ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations and identify patterns. It is considered to be independent of prior learning and experience.

Question 14

In Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities,the top or third stratum of the model contains:

Accepted Answer

The top or third stratum of Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities contains a general intelligence factor, often referred to as the g factor, which represents overall cognitive ability.

Question 15

Which of the following examples of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences is measured by standard or more traditional intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

Visual-spatial intelligence is often measured by standard intelligence tests, such as those that involve spatial reasoning or visual pattern recognition. Musical, bodily-kinesthetic, and personal intelligences are less likely to be measured by traditional intelligence tests.

Question 16

Compared to other existing theories of intelligence,Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is most unique in that:

Accepted Answer

While other theories of intelligence emphasize cognitive abilities such as logical reasoning and problem-solving, Gardner's theory expands the concept of intelligence to include musical talents, interpersonal skills, and other non-cognitive abilities. This makes Gardner's theory much more inclusive and holistic than other theories of intelligence.

Question 17

Many critics have asserted that three of Howard Gardner's types of intelligence are not really part of intelligence at all.These three types are:

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences includes various types of intelligence, among which musical, bodily-kinesthetic, and personal (interpersonal and intrapersonal) intelligences are often debated. Critics argue these do not fit the traditional view of intelligence because they extend beyond cognitive abilities to include talents and personal skills.

Question 18

Which of the following was mentioned as initially giving rise to L.L.Thurstone's theory of primary mental abilities?

Accepted Answer

Thurstone believed that the correlations among mental tasks measured on IQ tests were lower than would be expected, which led him to develop his theory of primary mental abilities.

Question 19

Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence would be considered to be which type of theory?

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory posits that there are separate and independent types of intelligence, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. This is different from a psychometric theory, which focuses on measuring intelligence as a single entity, or a cognitive processes theory, which examines mental processes involved in intelligence. A psychophysical theory would focus on the relationship between physical stimuli and subjective experiences.

Question 20

Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities is considered to be which type of theory?

Accepted Answer

Carroll's three-stratum theory is a psychometric theory that proposes a hierarchical structure of cognitive abilities, with general cognitive abilities (g) at the top, broad abilities such as fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence in the middle, and narrow abilities like spatial visualization and verbal fluency at the bottom.

Quiz 10: Intelligence