Question 1

Inherited traits that contribute to survival and reproductive success are most likely to be passed on to later generations.This idea is known as

Accepted Answer

The idea that inherited traits that contribute to survival and reproductive success are most likely to be passed on to later generations is known as natural selection. This is a key concept in the theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin. Gender typing refers to the process by which individuals learn and adopt gender roles and behaviors, while a social script refers to a set of expectations and behaviors associated with a particular social situation or role. The older-brother effect refers to the finding that the more older brothers a male has, the more likely he is to be homosexual, but this is not directly related to the concept of natural selection.

Question 2

Professor Archibald suggests that men are more likely than women to initiate casual sex because this has historically served to be a more successful reproductive strategy for men than for women.The professor's suggestion best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The professor's suggestion about men's behavior being influenced by their evolutionary history is an example of an evolutionary perspective, which suggests that behavior patterns have developed over time because they have helped individuals survive and reproduce.

Question 3

Compared with men who do not have older brothers,men who have older brothers are somewhat more likely to

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that having older brothers increases the likelihood of a man being homosexual. This phenomenon is known as the fraternal birth order effect. It is believed to be due to the development of antibodies in the mother's body during pregnancy that affect the brain development of male fetuses. This effect does not appear to be related to premature ejaculation, erectile disorder, or refractory period.

Question 4

The study of how our behavior and mind have changed in adaptive ways over time due to natural selection is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of how our behavior and...

Question 5

Gay men and lesbians have been found to score midway between straight males and straight females on

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found that gay men and lesbians score similarly on mental rotation tasks, a measure of spatial ability, scoring midway between straight males and straight females. There is no evidence to suggest differences in media literacy assessments, sexual dysfunction inventories, or self-esteem questionnaires.

Question 6

At birth,gay men tend to be ________ in weight than straight men,and women in same-sex marriages were mostly ________ than average at birth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At birth,gay men tend to be ________...

Question 7

Marshall,the youngest of Sharon's five biological sons,is the only one who is gay.As adults,the brothers are MOST likely to differ in their

Accepted Answer

The fact that Marshall is gay suggests that there may be a genetic component to his sexual orientation. However, handedness (which refers to the dominant hand that a person uses) is also thought to have a genetic component and can vary among siblings. Therefore, it is likely that the brothers may differ in their handedness, but not necessarily in their sex drive, sex hormone levels, or intelligence.

Question 8

Compared with women,men are ______likely to initiate sex and ________ likely to think about sex.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that men are more likely than women to initiate sex and think about sex. This is attributed to both societal and biological factors, such as differences in sex hormones and cultural expectations surrounding gender and sexuality.

Question 9

Female fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone and male fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone appear most likely later to experience same-sex desires.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Female fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone and...

Question 10

Suppose our genes predispose us to fear darkness.If this genetically based trait contributes to survival and reproductive success,it will likely be passed on to future generations.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The scenario described refers to natural selection, where traits that contribute to survival and reproductive success are more likely to be passed on to future generations. In this case, the fear of darkness is a genetically based trait that may have helped our ancestors to avoid danger during the night, and therefore increase their chances of survival and reproductive success.

Question 11

Compared with men,women are likely to masturbate ________ frequently and view pornography ________ frequently.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that, on average, women are likely to masturbate less frequently and view pornography less frequently compared to men.

Question 12

Jay and Malcolm are a gay couple and Susie and Lynnette are a lesbian couple.Jay and Malcolm are likely to report ________ concern with their partner's physical attractiveness and report having sex ________ often than do Susie and Lynnette.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that gay men, like heterosexual men, often place a higher emphasis on physical attractiveness in partners and may report having sex more frequently compared to lesbian couples.

Question 13

When pregnant sheep were injected with testosterone during a critical period of fetal development,their female offspring later demonstrated

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that injecting pregnant sheep with testosterone during a critical period of fetal development can lead to female offspring exhibiting homosexual behavior later in life.

Question 14

Marissa has given birth to five sons;one is homosexual.In view of the older-brother effect,which of her five sons is most likely to be gay?

Accepted Answer

The older-brother effect suggests that the likelihood of a male being homosexual increases with the number of older brothers he has. Therefore, the youngest son is most likely to be gay.

Question 15

A mother's immune system may have a defensive response to substances produced by male fetuses.This is most likely to contribute to

Accepted Answer

The older-brother effect refers to the phenomenon where having older brothers increases the likelihood of a male fetus being homosexual. One theory behind this effect is that the mother's immune system develops a defensive response to substances produced by male fetuses, which may affect the sexual orientation of subsequent male fetuses. This suggests that the mother's immune system plays a role in sexual orientation, but not in sexual dysfunction, refractory periods, or sexually transmitted infections.

Question 16

On mental rotation tasks,homosexual men perform

Accepted Answer

Research studies have consistently found that homosexual men perform worse than heterosexual men but better than heterosexual women on mental rotation tasks. Thus, option B accurately reflects the findings of these studies.

Question 17

It has been suggested that older men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility.This suggestion best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The suggestion that older men in all cultures tend to marry younger women because of a genetic predisposition to seek youthful fertility is best explained by an evolutionary perspective, which emphasizes the role of natural selection and adaptation in shaping human behavior. This is consistent with the idea that men are drawn to women who are more likely to bear healthy offspring, and that youthfulness is a sign of reproductive fitness. Social learning theory, the sexual response cycle, and the older-brother effect do not directly address this phenomenon.

Question 18

Suppose that men leave their wives to marry other women more frequently than wives leave their husbands to marry other men.Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to explain this in terms of male-female differences in

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists would likely explain the higher rate of men leaving their wives to marry other women in terms of reproductive capacity. Men are capable of producing offspring at a higher rate than women, and therefore have an evolutionary advantage in seeking out multiple partners. This is known as sexual selection theory.

Question 19

Heterosexual women tend to be most attracted to tall men with slim waists and broad shoulders.According to evolutionary psychology,this preference is due to the fact that these physical characteristics are associated with

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology suggests that heterosexual women's preference for tall men with slim waists and broad shoulders is due to the fact that these physical characteristics are associated with reproductive success. These traits are seen as indicators of good genes and health, which could lead to successful offspring.

Question 20

Ginger wants to marry someone who will provide financial security for her children-to-be.Evolutionary psychologists would most likely say that Ginger's motivation is due to

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists study how behaviors and traits have evolved over time through natural selection. They would likely suggest that Ginger's motivation to seek a mate who will provide financial security for her future children is due to genetic influences, as it is advantageous for the survival and reproduction of her offspring.

Quiz 4: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality