Question 1

The theory suggesting that dreams are born when neural activity spreads upward from the brainstem best helps to explain why

Accepted Answer

The theory suggesting that dreams are born when neural activity spreads upward from the brainstem best explains why people often experience random visual images during REM sleep. This is because the brainstem is responsible for basic physiological functions such as regulating breathing, heart rate, and sleep. During REM sleep, the brainstem activates the cortex, leading to the production of random visual images that are not necessarily related to ongoing thoughts or feelings.

Question 2

According to Freud,the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its latent content. The manifest content is the surface-level content of the dream, while the latent content refers to the hidden, unconscious meaning of the dream. The paradoxical and hallucinatory content are not specific terms used in Freudian dream analysis.

Question 3

Shane,a straight-A student,remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test.According to Freud,Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of dream analysis, the manifest content of a dream is the actual content of the dream that the dreamer is aware of and can remember, while the latent content is the deeper, unconscious meaning of the dream. Shane's account represents the manifest content of his dream because he is describing what he actually dreamed about.

Question 4

When Alissa awakened during a period of REM sleep,she reported experiencing intense fear.This could best be explained by the fact that her REM sleep was associated with increased activity in her

Accepted Answer

The limbic system, which is involved in emotional processing and memory consolidation, is known to be more active during periods of REM sleep. This increased activity in the limbic system during REM sleep may explain Alissa's experience of intense fear upon awakening.

Question 5

Josef,a high school student,tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger.The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father.According to Freud,the therapist is revealing the possible ________ content of Josef's dream.

Accepted Answer

The therapist is revealing the possible latent content of Josef's dream, which is the hidden or symbolic meaning underlying the manifest content (what actually happens in the dream, such as hunting and killing a tiger). Freud believed that the latent content of dreams represented unconscious wishes or desires, often stemming from early childhood experiences or conflicts.

Question 6

According to Freud,people dream in order to

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, people dream to give expression to their repressed, unconscious desires and wishes. Dream content is believed to be a form of wish fulfillment, in which unconscious desires are expressed in a disguised form. Freud believed that dreams were a way of fulfilling wishes that were socially unacceptable or that would cause anxiety if expressed directly.

Question 7

According to Freud,the manifest content of a dream refers to the

Accepted Answer

The manifest content of a dream refers to the remembered story line of the dream. It is what the dreamer reports experiencing during the dream.

Question 8

Brain regions that are active as rats learn to navigate a maze show similar activity patterns again as the rats later experience

Accepted Answer

The brain regions that are active as rats learn to navigate a maze show similar activity patterns again as the rats later experience REM sleep. This is known as memory consolidation, where information learned during wakefulness is processed and stored during sleep.

Question 9

Evidence that dreams reflect the brain maturation and style of thinking associated with a dreamer's age and life experience would best support the ________ theory of dream content.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive development theory suggests that dreams reflect the maturation and changes in thinking styles that occur as a person ages and gains life experience. This theory emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in dream content, rather than simply wish fulfillment or memory consolidation.

Question 10

Prior to age 9,children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor.This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects

Accepted Answer

The fact that younger children's dreams are less narrative and more like a slide show suggests that there is a relationship between the cognitive development of the child and the content of their dreams. As children's cognitive abilities develop, their dreams become more complex and story-like.

Question 11

The occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion that

Accepted Answer

REM rebound refers to the phenomenon of increased REM sleep after a period of REM sleep deprivation. This supports the idea that humans, like most mammals, need REM sleep for bodily and mental restoration.

Question 12

Preserving and expanding the brain's neural pathways has been suggested as an important function of

Accepted Answer

Dreaming has been suggested as a process that helps to preserve and expand the brain's neural pathways. During dreaming, the brain processes and consolidates memories, which can strengthen existing neural pathways and create new ones. This may help to improve cognitive function and prevent cognitive decline.

Question 13

As a participant in a sleep-research study for the past three nights,Tim has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep.Tonight,when allowed to sleep undisturbed,Tim will likely experience

Accepted Answer

REM rebound effect occurs when a person is deprived of REM sleep and then allowed to sleep without interruption, causing an increase in the amount and intensity of REM sleep. Therefore, Tim is likely to experience an increase in REM sleep after being disturbed during this phase for the past three nights.

Quiz 2: The Biology of Mind and Consciousness