When they are unable to avoid repeated painful events,depressed individuals may develop self-defeating beliefs that arise from

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The concept of learned helplessness refers to the belief that individuals develop when they are unable to avoid negative events, and they begin to believe that they are helpless and incapable of changing their situation. This is a common cognitive pattern in depressed individuals, and it can lead to a self-defeating cycle where they become passive and hopeless, which further contributes to their depression. Linkage analysis is a genetic method used to identify the location of genes associated with a particular disorder, while elevated serotonin levels and lowered inhibitions are not directly related to the development of self-defeating beliefs in depressed individuals.

When They Are Unable to Avoid Repeated Painful Events,depressed Individuals