Question 1

According to Boyle's law,the pressure exerted by a constant number of gas molecules in a container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container.Therefore,increasing the volume of the container will cause a decrease in its pressure.

Accepted Answer

This is the statement of Boyle's law, which describes the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in a gas at constant temperature and number of molecules. As the volume increases, the gas molecules have more space to move around and collide with each other and the container walls, which reduces the pressure they exert. Similarly, decreasing the volume would increase the pressure.

Question 2

Which of these does NOT increase during heavy exercise?

Accepted Answer

During heavy exercise, arterial P_CO2 decreases due to an increase in carbon dioxide production from working muscles. The other options all increase during heavy exercise. Minute ventilation increases to bring in more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. Oxygen delivery to muscles increases through increased blood flow. Oxygen extraction from the blood by muscles increases to meet the demands of working muscles. Body heat production increases due to the increased metabolic activity in the body.

Question 3

During inhalation/inspiration,the diaphragm contracts and the alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure; during exhalation/expiration,the diaphragm relaxes and the alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct description of the respiratory process during inhalation and exhalation.

Question 4

During inhalation/inspiration,the total alveolar volume decreases.

Accepted Answer

During inhalation/inspiration, the total alveolar volume increases due to the expansion of the lungs and the influx of air into the alveoli. During exhalation/expiration, the total alveolar volume decreases as the lungs deflate and air is expelled from the alveoli.

Question 5

Which correctly describes the cause of the increase in alveolar ventilation that occurs when a person ascends to high altitude?

Accepted Answer

As a person ascends to high altitude, the partial pressure of oxygen in inspired air decreases due to the reduction in total atmospheric pressure. This decrease in P_O2 of inspired air leads to a decrease in alveolar and arterial P_O2, which stimulates the peripheral chemoreceptors to increase alveolar ventilation. Additionally, the decrease in P_O2 can also lead to hypoxemia, which further stimulates ventilation through the peripheral chemoreceptors. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer describing the cause of increased alveolar ventilation at high altitude.

Question 6

Which of these would tend to increase ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Breathing air with increased PCO2 would lead to an increase in ventilation as the body attempts to expel the excess carbon dioxide and maintain normal blood pH levels.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding hypoxia is correct?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to high altitude results in hypoxic hypoxia because the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) decreases as altitude increases, resulting in lower oxygen availability in the environment. "Anemic hypoxia" refers to a condition where there is a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, not a decrease in arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2). Carbon monoxide poisoning and cyanide poisoning both result in decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues, which is categorized as hypoxic hypoxia. Ischemic hypoxia refers to a reduced blood flow to the tissues, which can cause hypoxia but is not caused by carbon monoxide or cyanide poisoning.

Question 8

Which is characteristic of a person chronically suffering from hypoxic hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is characteristic of a person chronically...

Question 9

Following strenuous exercise,blood levels of lactic acid are ________ compared to pre-exercise levels.This change in acid concentration causes a reflex ________ in ventilation by activating ________.

Accepted Answer

Following strenuous exercise, blood levels of lactic acid increase, which causes a reflex increase in ventilation. This change is primarily detected by peripheral chemoreceptors that are sensitive to changes in blood pH.

Question 10

If the nerves from the carotid and aortic bodies are cut,which of these would occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the nerves from the carotid and...

Question 11

In a normal person at rest,the part of the respiratory cycle in which no air is flowing through the airways and the respiratory muscles are relaxed is at the end of inhalation/inspiration,prior to exhalation/expiration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a normal person at rest,the part...

Question 12

Emphysema is a disease characterized by low lung compliance,obstructed airways,and ventilation-perfusion inequality.

Accepted Answer

Emphysema is characterized by high lung compliance due to the destruction of alveolar walls, which leads to obstructed airways and ventilation-perfusion inequality, but not low lung compliance.

Question 13

The diameter of the airways in normal lungs is generally great enough that little resistance is offered to airflow.

Accepted Answer

The diameter of the airways in normal lungs is generally large enough to allow for easy airflow and little resistance. However, in conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the airways may become narrowed, leading to increased resistance and difficulty with breathing.

Question 14

Infants born prematurely frequently develop respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn because they have too few alveoli to exchange O₂ and CO₂ efficiently.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infants born prematurely frequently develop respiratory distress...

Question 15

Which of the following conditions would result in a systemic arterial P_O2 lower than is typical of a healthy person at sea level?

Accepted Answer

Traveling to high altitude would result in a lower systemic arterial P_O2 due to the reduced atmospheric pressure and subsequently lower oxygen levels. This would result in hypoxemia and lower arterial oxygen saturation. The other options listed would not necessarily result in a lower P_O2. Breathing 100% oxygen (B) would increase the arterial oxygen saturation and potentially result in a higher P_O2. Iron-deficiency anemia (C) would affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, but would not necessarily result in a lower arterial oxygen saturation. Breathing regular air in a hyperbaric chamber (D) would not necessarily result in a lower P_O2, as the atmospheric pressure would be higher but still contain normal levels of oxygen. Maintaining alveolar ventilation constant while decreasing metabolic rate (E) should not have a significant effect on arterial oxygen saturation or P_O2.

Question 16

A clinical sign of obstructive lung disease would be a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio.

Accepted Answer

A reduced FEV1/FVC ratio is a hallmark clinical sign of obstructive lung disease, as it indicates that the patient is having difficulty exhaling air due to narrowed airways. This can be seen in conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis.

Question 17

If the parietal pleura is cut during surgery,the lung on the side of the cut will expand and the chest wall will be compressed.

Accepted Answer

If the parietal pleura is cut during surgery, air will enter the pleural space between the parietal and visceral pleura, causing a pneumothorax. The lung will actually collapse, not expand, and the compression will be relieved as the chest wall expands.

Question 18

The process of ventilation includes both the transport of gases by bulk flow and the diffusion of gases into and out of the blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of ventilation includes both the...

Question 19

Exhalation/expiration of air from the lungs requires contraction of the exhalatory/expiratory intercostal muscles.

Accepted Answer

Exhalation is typically a passive process that occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, allowing the lungs to recoil and air to be expelled.

Question 20

The diaphragm is a large sheet of smooth muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen.

Accepted Answer

The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, but it is primarily composed of skeletal muscle, not smooth muscle.

Quiz 13: Respiratory Physiology

According to Boyle's law,the pressure exerted by a constant number of gas molecules in a container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container.Therefore,increasing the volume of the container will cause a decrease in its pressure.

Which of these does NOT increase during heavy exercise?

During inhalation/inspiration,the diaphragm contracts and the alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure; during exhalation/expiration,the diaphragm relaxes and the alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

During inhalation/inspiration,the total alveolar volume decreases.

Which correctly describes the cause of the increase in alveolar ventilation that occurs when a person ascends to high altitude?

Which of these would tend to increase ventilation?

Which of the following statements regarding hypoxia is correct?

Which is characteristic of a person chronically suffering from hypoxic hypoxia?

Following strenuous exercise,blood levels of lactic acid are compared to pre-exercise levels.This change in acid concentration causes a reflex in ventilation by activating .

If the nerves from the carotid and aortic bodies are cut,which of these would occur?

In a normal person at rest,the part of the respiratory cycle in which no air is flowing through the airways and the respiratory muscles are relaxed is at the end of inhalation/inspiration,prior to exhalation/expiration.

Emphysema is a disease characterized by low lung compliance,obstructed airways,and ventilation-perfusion inequality.

The diameter of the airways in normal lungs is generally great enough that little resistance is offered to airflow.

Infants born prematurely frequently develop respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn because they have too few alveoli to exchange O₂ and CO₂ efficiently.

Which of the following conditions would result in a systemic arterial P_O2 lower than is typical of a healthy person at sea level?

A clinical sign of obstructive lung disease would be a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio.

If the parietal pleura is cut during surgery,the lung on the side of the cut will expand and the chest wall will be compressed.

The process of ventilation includes both the transport of gases by bulk flow and the diffusion of gases into and out of the blood.

Exhalation/expiration of air from the lungs requires contraction of the exhalatory/expiratory intercostal muscles.

The diaphragm is a large sheet of smooth muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen.

Quiz 13: Respiratory Physiology

According to Boyle's law,the pressure exerted by a constant number of gas molecules in a container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container.Therefore,increasing the volume of the container will cause a decrease in its pressure.

Which of these does NOT increase during heavy exercise?

During inhalation/inspiration,the diaphragm contracts and the alveolar pressure is less than atmospheric pressure; during exhalation/expiration,the diaphragm relaxes and the alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

During inhalation/inspiration,the total alveolar volume decreases.

Which correctly describes the cause of the increase in alveolar ventilation that occurs when a person ascends to high altitude?

Which of these would tend to increase ventilation?

Which of the following statements regarding hypoxia is correct?

Which is characteristic of a person chronically suffering from hypoxic hypoxia?

Following strenuous exercise,blood levels of lactic acid are ________ compared to pre-exercise levels.This change in acid concentration causes a reflex ________ in ventilation by activating ________.

If the nerves from the carotid and aortic bodies are cut,which of these would occur?

In a normal person at rest,the part of the respiratory cycle in which no air is flowing through the airways and the respiratory muscles are relaxed is at the end of inhalation/inspiration,prior to exhalation/expiration.

Emphysema is a disease characterized by low lung compliance,obstructed airways,and ventilation-perfusion inequality.

The diameter of the airways in normal lungs is generally great enough that little resistance is offered to airflow.

Infants born prematurely frequently develop respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn because they have too few alveoli to exchange O2 and CO2 efficiently.

Which of the following conditions would result in a systemic arterial PO2 lower than is typical of a healthy person at sea level?

A clinical sign of obstructive lung disease would be a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio.

If the parietal pleura is cut during surgery,the lung on the side of the cut will expand and the chest wall will be compressed.

The process of ventilation includes both the transport of gases by bulk flow and the diffusion of gases into and out of the blood.

Exhalation/expiration of air from the lungs requires contraction of the exhalatory/expiratory intercostal muscles.

The diaphragm is a large sheet of smooth muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen.

Following strenuous exercise,blood levels of lactic acid are compared to pre-exercise levels.This change in acid concentration causes a reflex in ventilation by activating .

Infants born prematurely frequently develop respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn because they have too few alveoli to exchange O₂ and CO₂ efficiently.

Which of the following conditions would result in a systemic arterial P_O2 lower than is typical of a healthy person at sea level?