Question 1

The junior class at a local high school was stunned when an alcohol-impaired driver missed a turn and caused a fatal accident involving a classmate.The school crisis team noted that many classmates responded in ways that seemed to indicate that they were invulnerable to this kind of tragedy because "They were careful drivers who always wore seatbelts." The crisis team concluded that these students were using the defence mechanism called:

Accepted Answer

The defence mechanism that the classmates were using is denial, which involves denying the existence or reality of a painful aspect of reality. In this case, the classmates were denying their vulnerability to such tragedies by assuming that as careful drivers who always wore seatbelts, they were invulnerable to accidents.

Question 2

In Freud's theory of personality,the ________ corresponds roughly to the common notion of conscience.

Accepted Answer

The superego represents the moral and ethical standards of an individual and is responsible for the feelings of guilt and shame that arise when those standards are not met. It acts as a type of conscience, and is formed through the incorporation of societal values and cultural norms.

Question 3

Which defence mechanism involves reversion to an earlier phase of psychological development?

Accepted Answer

Regression involves reverting to an earlier stage of psychological development as a way to cope with current stressors or threats.

Question 4

The aspect of personality that is partly conscious,but mostly unconscious,is the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The aspect of personality that is partly...

Question 5

While at dinner,you overhear someone at another table mention the word libido.Being familiar with Freud's theory of personality,you know the person is referring to:

Accepted Answer

Freud believed in the concept of libido as the energy that fuels sexual urges and drives behavior. It is a key part of his theory of personality, particularly in his psychosexual stages of development. The other options are not relevant to Freud's theories.

Question 6

Joy is a high-powered executive.She excels at meeting the needs of the company within the financial and policy constraints.Freud would refer to the portion of the personality that Joy is using in her decision making as the:

Accepted Answer

The ego is the rational, decision-making component of personality that helps individuals navigate between the demands of the id (instinctual desires) and the superego (internalized societal and moral standards). Joy's ability to balance the company's needs within financial and policy constraints suggests the use of her rational decision-making ego.

Question 7

________ occurs when people direct their emotions toward objects,animals,or people that are not the real object of their emotion.

Accepted Answer

Displacement is a type of defense mechanism in which individuals redirect their negative emotions, such as anger or frustration, from the original source to a less threatening target. This can involve taking out one's frustrations on objects, animals, or people who are not the real cause of the problem.

Question 8

A ________ is a strategy that denies or distorts reality,but protects us from conflict and anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Defence mechanisms are psychological strategies that we use to cope with conflicts, stress, and anxiety. They can involve denying or distorting reality in order to protect ourselves from painful emotions or situations. Some common defence mechanisms include repression, denial, projection, and rationalization.

Question 9

In Freud's theory of personality,in order to defend itself against the demands of the id,the ego will call upon:

Accepted Answer

Defense mechanisms are used by the ego to defend itself against the demands of the id. They operate unconsciously and are used to reduce anxiety by distorting reality or denying the existence of a problem. Some examples of defense mechanisms include repression, denial, projection, and displacement.

Question 10

The district attorney never stops his campaign to rid the city of pornography.He gets extremely agitated when speaking out against the evils of "adult" magazines and quotes scripture endlessly to back up his tirades.Freudians might suggest that his behaviour is possibly a sign of:

Accepted Answer

The district attorney's behavior of speaking out vehemently against pornography, while quoting scripture continuously, may suggest that he is using reaction formation as a defense mechanism. Reaction formation is a psychological defense mechanism where a person acts in the opposite way to their true feelings or beliefs. In this case, the district attorney may have repressed sexual desires or curiosity, causing him to react in the opposite way by publicly condemning pornography.

Question 11

Vito is angry when the school bus driver blames Vito for misbehaving when it actually was the child behind him who had been acting up.As he gets off the bus,he kicks the bus tire.Freud would say that Vito is unconsciously using the defence mechanism of:

Accepted Answer

Vito is displacing his anger towards the child behind him onto the bus tire, which is a classic example of displacement as a defense mechanism.

Question 12

________ occurs when a person's own unacceptable or threatening feelings are repressed and then attributed to someone else.

Accepted Answer

Projection occurs when a person projects their own unacceptable or threatening feelings onto someone else. For example, if a person is contemplating cheating on their partner, they may accuse their partner of cheating instead, as a way to deflect their own guilt and make themselves feel better.

Question 13

Which defence mechanism involves unconscious expulsion or conscious suppression of disturbing material from awareness?

Accepted Answer

Repression involves blocking out or pushing away disturbing material from our conscious awareness, often resulting in it being stored in our unconscious minds. This can be done either unconsciously or consciously, depending on the situation. The other options listed involve different coping mechanisms, such as behaving in an opposite way than how one truly feels (reaction formation) or making excuses for one's behavior (rationalization). Regression involves reverting back to earlier developmental stages in times of stress.

Question 14

________ occurs when people refuse to admit that something unpleasant is happening,that they have a problem,or that they are feeling an unacceptable emotion.

Accepted Answer

Denial is the defense mechanism in which an individual refuses to acknowledge the reality of a situation or emotion that is causing them discomfort. They may pretend like it isn't happening or ignore the issue altogether in order to avoid dealing with it.

Question 15

Which defence mechanism involves transforming an anxiety-producing emotion into its opposite?

Accepted Answer

Reaction formation involves transforming an anxiety-producing emotion into its opposite. For example, someone who has repressed romantic feelings for a friend may exhibit an exaggerated expression of disdain or hostility towards that friend in order to cover up their true feelings.

Question 16

In psychoanalysis,the part of the personality that represents conscience,morality,and social standards is called the:

Accepted Answer

The superego is the part of the personality that represents one's conscience, morals, and the social standards that they have internalized. It acts as a sort of "internal parent" and is responsible for regulating and inhibiting the impulses of the id, which represents primitive and unconscious desires. The ego, on the other hand, serves as a mediator between the id and the superego and strives to balance their conflicting demands. The libido is the term used by Freud to describe the instinctual energy that drives the id.

Question 17

________ occurs when displacement serves a higher cultural or socially useful purpose.

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is a defense mechanism in which socially unacceptable impulses or behaviors are transformed into socially acceptable actions or behavior. This occurs when the displaced energy is channeled towards something productive or beneficial for society, such as art, music, or athletics.

Question 18

During a grade-school field trip,Ryan and his friends were running down a hill when he stepped on a snake.He was unharmed but shaken by the experience.When one of his friends mentioned the incident months later,Ryan could not remember running down the hill that day.Freud would say that this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Repression is a defense mechanism that involves pushing uncomfortable or traumatic experiences or memories into the unconscious mind. In this case, Ryan's experience of stepping on a snake and being shaken by it was so traumatic that he repressed the memory from his conscious mind. The fact that he could not remember the incident when his friend mentioned it months later is a clear indication of repression.

Question 19

According to Freud,the developmental acquisition of the personality components begins with the ________,then the ________,and finally the ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of personality development, the id develops first, then the ego, and finally the superego. The id is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind, which is present at birth. The ego develops as a result of the child's interactions with the external world, and it is responsible for mediating between the demands of the id and the constraints of reality. The superego develops last and represents the internalized moral values of the individual, learned from parents and other authority figures. Therefore, the correct order is id, ego, and superego, which is only represented in option C.

Question 20

In psychoanalytic theory,an inner voice that says that you did something wrong is called the:

Accepted Answer

The superego is the part of the psyche that serves as a moral compass or conscience, often creating feelings of guilt or shame in response to behavior that is deemed immoral or unethical. This inner voice is referred to as the "superego" in psychoanalytic theory.

Quiz 14: Theories of Personality