Question 1

If people believe the system is illegitimate and that the boundaries between groups are impermeable, they will likely favor:

Accepted Answer

If people believe the system is illegitimate and that the boundaries between groups are impermeable, they may feel a sense of powerlessness and turn to collective action in order to challenge the system and fight for their rights.

Question 2

Complementary stereotypes are:

Accepted Answer

Complementary stereotypes involve both positive and negative stereotypes that are used to justify the existing social order by balancing perceptions of different groups.

Question 3

Which theory proposes that the group that people compare themselves to helps determine how disadvantaged they feel?

Accepted Answer

Relative deprivation theory proposes that people's sense of deprivation or disadvantage depends on the group they compare themselves to. It suggests that people evaluate their own outcomes based on their expectations and the outcomes of others who they see as similar to themselves. If they perceive that others who are similar are doing better than them, they may feel a sense of relative deprivation and feel disadvantaged.

Question 4

_________________________ is a strategy whereby individuals work within the system to achieve their own goals rather than those of the group

Accepted Answer

Individual mobility is a strategy where individuals prioritize their own goals over the goals of the group, often by working within the existing system to advance themselves. This can be contrasted with collective action which involves working collaboratively towards a common goal, and ingroup bias which involves favoring one's own group over others. System justification is a separate concept which refers to individuals' tendency to defend and rationalize the existing social and political systems, even if those systems are unfair or unequal.

Question 5

Which of the following theories proposes that low status groups may actually show a preference for high status groups over their own group?

Accepted Answer

System justification theory suggests that individuals may prefer high status groups over their own group as a means of justifying the hierarchical system and maintaining belief in the inherent fairness of society. This can lead to low status groups supporting the status quo and even discriminating against members of their own group who challenge the system.

Question 6

According to __________________, reminders of death will lead to group disidentification when negative aspects of the group are highlighted.

Accepted Answer

This is a key tenet of terror management theory, which proposes that reminders of mortality lead individuals to cling more strongly to their cultural worldviews and in-group identities as a means of managing existential anxiety. However, when negative aspects of the group are highlighted, individuals may disidentify with the group in order to distance themselves from the reminder of death.

Question 7

People are inclined to leave a group when group membership:

Accepted Answer

When group membership threatens survival, individuals prioritize their own physical well-being over their affiliation with the group, making them more likely to leave the group to protect themselves. The other choices do not necessarily lead to leaving a group.

Question 8

______________________ is the theory that negative stereotypes get attached to groups partly because they help to explain and justify why some individuals are more advantaged than others.

Accepted Answer

System justification theory proposes that negative stereotypes are attached to certain groups in order to maintain and justify the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities in society. It suggests that individuals may unconsciously accept and perpetuate these stereotypes to maintain the current social system.

Question 9

John is police officer and believes it is his job to maintain social order. John is likely:

Accepted Answer

John's belief that his job is to maintain social order aligns with the attitude of social dominance orientation, which suggests that certain groups should have more power and status than others in society. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 10

Which theory proposes that people gain feelings of symbolic endurance or immortality from the groups they belong to?

Accepted Answer

The theory that proposes that people gain feelings of symbolic endurance or immortality from the groups they belong to is terror management theory. This theory suggests that humans have a deep-seated fear of death, and thus they seek symbolic immortality through their group memberships, which can provide a sense of a transcendent cause or purpose that extends beyond one's own mortality.

Question 11

____________________ is the theory that disadvantage groups are less aware of disadvantage if they compare their outcomes only with those of other groups that are similarly deprived.

Accepted Answer

Relative deprivation theory posits that people who belong to disadvantaged groups may not perceive their disadvantage if they compare themselves only to other similar groups. As a result, they may not recognize the structural barriers and discrimination that are causing their disadvantage.

Question 12

Lisa is frustrated because she feels her group is disadvantaged and that she has no chance of advancing herself under the current system. However, she believes the system is unstable and can be changed. Lisa is likely to engage in:

Accepted Answer

Lisa's belief that the system is unstable and can be changed suggests that she may be motivated to engage in collective action with others who share her frustrations and grievances. Collective action involves individuals working together to bring about social or political change.

Question 13

According to _______________ mortality concerns will increase disidentification with a group if the group no longer provides meaning and is perceived as temporary.

Accepted Answer

Terror management theory posits that when confronted with mortality concerns, individuals seek meaning and value in various aspects of their lives, including group affiliations. If a group is perceived as temporary or no longer providing meaning, individuals may disidentify with it to protect their self-esteem and manage existential anxiety.

Question 14

When people believe that the boundaries between groups are permeable and perceive the current structure as legitimate and stable, they are more likely to strive for:

Accepted Answer

When people believe that the boundaries between groups are permeable and perceive the current structure as legitimate and stable, they are more likely to strive for individual mobility, which means they believe that they can move up the ladder by their own merit. In contrast, if they perceive the boundaries as fixed, they may be more likely to strive for collective change or mobilize for social justice. Ingroup harmony may also be a goal, but it is not necessarily a consequence of perceived permeability and legitimacy. Relative deprivation is a sense of dissatisfaction or unfairness that arises from comparing oneself to others, and while it may motivate collective action, it is not directly related to the perception of boundaries and legitimacy.

Question 15

Miles knows his group is disadvantaged but he believes that he can work within the system to advance himself. Miles belief is an example of ___________________.

Accepted Answer

Miles' belief that he can work within the system to advance himself is an example of individual mobility, as he believes that he can improve his own social and economic status through his own efforts instead of relying on collective action or feeling relative deprivation compared to other groups.

Question 16

Not viewing one's group positively can:

Accepted Answer

Not viewing one's group positively can lead to a decrease in self-esteem, as individuals may internalize negative perceptions of their group and feel a sense of inferiority. The other choices are not directly related to a negative view of one's group.

Question 17

People are more likely to experience _______________ if they are able to compare themselves to people who are more advantaged.

Accepted Answer

Relative deprivation refers to the feeling of being deprived or disadvantaged in comparison to others who are better off. This feeling is more likely to arise when individuals are able to compare themselves to others who have higher status, wealth or power. Social dominance, stereotypes and individual mobility are not directly related to this phenomenon.

Question 18

According to social dominance theory, __________________ helps people high in social dominance maintain their belief in the status hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

Legitimizing myths are beliefs that justify and maintain the existing social hierarchy. Socially dominant individuals use these myths to justify their superiority and maintain their position at the top of the hierarchy. This helps them maintain their belief in the status hierarchy. Social facilitation refers to the tendency for people to perform better in the presence of others, social loafing refers to the tendency for people to exert less effort when working in a group, and terror management theory refers to the psychological mechanisms people use to deal with the fear of their own mortality. While these concepts are important to social psychology, they are not directly related to the maintenance of the status hierarchy by socially dominant individuals.

Question 19

___________________ represents efforts by the group to resist and change the status quo in the service of group goals.

Accepted Answer

Collective action is the term used to describe efforts by a group to resist and change the status quo in order to achieve group goals. This can take many forms, including protests, strikes, boycotts, and other forms of political action. It is a key concept in social psychology and sociology, and is often used to understand how social movements are organized and sustained over time.

Question 20

When people feel like a group has violated a core value they are inclined to:

Accepted Answer

When people feel like a group has violated a core value, they are more likely to disidentify with the group. This is because they no longer feel their personal values align with the group's values and may distance themselves from the group as a result.

Quiz 9: Group Processes