Question 1

John recently received his semester grades and found that he had failed two courses. He says the reason he failed the two courses is that they were taught by female professors. John believes that women are really not smart enough to teach at the college level. In this example, the female professors are ________.

Accepted Answer

The female professors are being scapegoats and being blamed for John's grades. John is making a baseless and discriminatory assumption that women are not smart enough to teach at the college level. His failure in the courses could be due to his own lack of effort or ability, and it is unfair to blame his performance on the gender of his professors.

Question 2

Of the following, the most extreme example of internal colonialism is ________.

Accepted Answer

Slavery is the most extreme form of internal colonialism as it involves the complete domination and exploitation of one group by another within the same country. Indentured servitude and caste systems may also be forms of internal colonialism, but they do not involve the same level of dehumanization and exploitation as slavery. Racially motivated hate crimes are acts of violence or discrimination based on prejudice, but they are not necessarily indicative of a system of internal colonialism.

Question 3

Slavery and apartheid are both examples of the ways in which a country's dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage. What do sociologists call this policy?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists refer to the policy of a dominant group exploiting minority groups for economic advantage as internal colonialism. This can include practices such as slavery and apartheid, as well as other forms of economic exploitation and marginalization. Segregation refers more specifically to the separation and isolation of different racial and ethnic groups within a society. Colonization and assimilation are related concepts but do not specifically refer to the exploitation of minority groups for economic advantage.

Question 4

The massacre of Native Americans in the 1800s, the extermination of the Jews in Nazi Germany, and the slaughter of the Tutsis in Rwanda are all examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

Genocide is the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. The examples given in the question all fit this definition. Compurgation is the ancient practice of proving one's innocence through sworn oaths of supporters, primogeniture is the right of inheritance belonging to the firstborn child, and sublimation is the redirection of one's sexual or aggressive impulses into socially acceptable pursuits. These concepts do not apply to the question.

Question 5

Based on the most recent research, why are race and ethnicity often factors in medical decisions that favor treatment for white patients?

Accepted Answer

While studies have shown that race and ethnicity do play a role in medical decisions, the exact reasons for this are not completely understood. Some factors that have been suggested include implicit bias, structural racism, and differences in access to healthcare. However, the exact mechanisms behind these trends require further research. It is important to note that this is not a result of innate racism or intentional discrimination on the part of physicians, but rather a systemic issue that affects the medical profession as a whole.

Question 6

The group in society made up of the unemployed who can be put to work during times of high production and then laid off when they are no longer needed is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The term "reserve labor force" refers to the group of people who are unemployed but can be quickly hired during times of high demand for labor. They are considered a backup resource for employers when they need additional workers. The other options, such as "underclass" and "dual labor force," do not accurately describe this specific group of people.

Question 7

Switzerland is made up of four separate ethnic groups that have kept their own languages but are peacefully united politically and economically. This pattern of intergroup relations is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

The fact that Switzerland's four ethnic groups have retained their own languages while still being united politically and economically suggests a policy of multiculturalism, which promotes the preservation of individual cultural identities while promoting unity and cooperation among different groups.

Question 8

Who developed the theory of prejudice that addressed frustration levels and scapegoats?

Accepted Answer

John Dollard developed the theory of prejudice that addressed frustration levels and scapegoats. This theory states that frustration caused by external factors can lead to a psychological response, such as aggression or scapegoating, aimed at a particular group.

Question 9

When Bosnian Serbs practiced ethnic cleansing of the Muslim population during the 1990s, they employed a combination of ________.

Accepted Answer

The Bosnian Serbs practiced ethnic cleansing through a combination of population transfer and genocide, forcibly removing Muslim populations from their homes and killing those who resisted. The other options of assimilation, segregation, pluralism were not employed by the Bosnian Serbs in their campaign of ethnic cleansing.

Question 10

What is another name for multiculturalism?

Accepted Answer

Multiculturalism refers to the coexistence and celebration of various cultures in a society. Pluralism is a synonym for multiculturalism as it also refers to the acceptance and respect for diverse cultural groups. Option A, compartmentalization, refers to the separation of different elements or groups, so it is not a synonym for multiculturalism. Option B, sublimation, refers to the psychological process of channeling one's impulses into productive activities, so it is also not related to multiculturalism. Option D, assimilation, refers to the process of adopting the traits of another culture and blending in with the dominant group, which is the opposite of multiculturalism.

Question 11

Pedro, a legal immigrant from Mexico, and George, a white male whose family has been in America for several generations, have each applied for a car loan at the local bank. Pedro's loan was turned down while George was granted a loan. In comparing their credit history, both men had good credit, and their debts and income were comparable. This is an example of ________ against Pedro.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of institutional discrimination because the bank, as an institution, denied Pedro a loan solely based on his ethnicity, despite him meeting all other qualifications. This is not an individual issue but rather a systemic problem within the institution.

Question 12

When the Native Americans were pacified by the military in the late 1800s, they were forced to learn the English language, dress like the white man, renounce their religion, and give up their customs. This was a classic example of ________.

Accepted Answer

Forced assimilation is the process of forcing a minority group to adopt the culture and customs of the dominant group. In this scenario, the Native Americans were forced to give up their own culture and adopt the ways of the white man.

Question 13

Under czarist Russia, daily living conditions for Jews were made so intolerable that millions chose to leave Russia and migrate to other countries. This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

Indirect transfer refers to the use of harassment, discrimination, and other oppressive tactics to make living conditions so unbearable for a group that they are forced to leave their homes and migrate elsewhere. This is exactly what happened to Jews under czarist Russia, as their daily living conditions were made intolerable through discriminatory laws, violent pogroms, and economic oppression.

Question 14

According to Adorno, a(n) ________ is a person who is prejudiced and ranks high on scales of conformity, intolerance, insecurity, respect for authority, and submissiveness to superiors.

Accepted Answer

Adorno's concept of authoritarian personality refers to individuals with a particular set of personality traits that include strong adherence to tradition and authority, intolerance of ambiguity and diversity, and a tendency to resort to punitive measures against those who deviate from the norms. These individuals might be prejudiced against minority groups and other out-groups, and they are oriented towards maintaining social order and hierarchy.

Question 15

When an executioner wears a hood he is separating his true identity (the man without a hood) from the one carrying out the execution. Such behavior is part of an effort to separate one's feelings from one's acts, called ________.

Accepted Answer

Compartmentalization refers to the practice of separating certain aspects of one's life or personality from others. In this case, the executioner is compartmentalizing his emotions and personal identity from the act of carrying out an execution by wearing a hood.

Question 16

________ refers to seeing certain features of a situation while ignoring others, and the use of labels to group individual members as if they were all alike.

Accepted Answer

Selective perception refers to the tendency to see certain aspects of a situation while ignoring others. It can also involve categorizing people based on labels and assuming that they all share similar characteristics or behaviors. Blinded perception is not a commonly used term in psychology, generalized vision is not a term commonly used in this context, and discriminating vision refers to the ability to perceive differences.

Question 17

Who was the theorist who concluded that highly prejudiced people are actually insecure conformists?

Accepted Answer

Theodor Adorno and his colleagues concluded in their influential study "The Authoritarian Personality" that highly prejudiced people are actually insecure conformists who have a strong need for approval from authority figures.

Question 18

The systematic annihilation or attempted annihilation of a people based on their presumed race or ethnicity is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Genocide specifically refers to the intentional and systematic destruction of a particular ethnic, racial, or religious group, often including mass killings and other acts of violence. Homicide and manslaughter refer to the killing of individual human beings, and population transfer involves the forced movement of people from one place to another.

Question 19

The relocation of Native Americans to reservations and the transfer of Americans of Japanese descent to internment camps during World War II are examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

Both the relocation of Native Americans to reservations and the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II are examples of direct transfer, where a group is forcibly moved from their homes to another location.

Question 20

What is a Chicano?

Accepted Answer

A Chicano is an American of Mexican descent, emphasizing their identity connected to both the United States and Mexico.

Quiz 12: Race and Ethnicity