What Is the Major Flaw of Both Compliance Investigation and Punishment

What is the major flaw of both compliance investigation and punishment systems and grievance and arbitration systems?

A) They do not have any representatives from labor,only from management.
B) They are both slow and expensive to administer.
C) The managers may not have any experience with conducting an investigation into conduct.
D) They do not take into account the appropriateness of the policies set by the company.
E) It may be impossible for the parties to reach consensus.