Question 1

Church interiors now became impressive acoustical settings for church services.Which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustics?
A) the radiating chapels of the ambulatory
B) the upper galleries or tribunes along the nave
C) the radiating chapels attached to the transepts
D) the continuous barrel-vaulted naves

Accepted Answer

The continuous barrel-vaulted naves allowed for the excellent acoustics in church interiors. The uninterrupted ceiling allowed for sound to travel and reverberate throughout the space. The radiating chapels and upper galleries may have also contributed to the acoustics, but the continuous barrel-vaulted nave was the most significant element.

Question 2

The most venerated pilgrimage shrine in the West,outside Rome or Jerusalem,was the _____________________.
A) tomb of Lazarus at Autun
B) tomb of Saint Foy at Conques
C) tomb of St. Martin at Tours
D) tomb of the Apostle James at Santiago de Compostela

Accepted Answer

The venerated pilgrimage shrine in the West, outside Rome or Jerusalem, was the tomb of the Apostle James at Santiago de Compostela. The shrine located in northwestern Spain, became a major pilgrimage destination in the Middle Ages.

Question 3

It is said this structure's design is simple and serenely classical.It is a descendant of the Pantheon,the imperial mausoleum,such as Diocletian's,and the Early Christian Sta.Costanza.Which of the following is being described?
A) Sant'Ambrogio, Milan
B) San Giovanni Baptistery, Florence
C) San Miniato al Monte, Florence
D) Modena Cathedral

Accepted Answer

The reference to the design being a descendant of the Pantheon, imperial mausoleums like Diocletian's, and Early Christian Sta. Costanza narrows down the options to buildings with similar architectural features. The San Giovanni Baptistery in Florence fits this description and is known for its serenely classical design.

Question 4

A more complex and efficient type of vaulting was needed that would admit light and at the same time be aesthetically pleasing.Which of the following systems would allow this adoption?
A) By elevating the side walls with additional buttressing
B) By eliminating the upper galleries or tribunes
C) By covering the nave with groin vaults
D) By eliminating the ambulatory from the apse

Accepted Answer

Covering the nave with groin vaults would allow for a more complex and efficient type of vaulting that would admit light and be aesthetically pleasing. This system distributes weight more evenly and allows for the placement of windows in the walls, which could not be done with simple barrel vaults. Elevating the side walls with additional buttressing or eliminating the upper galleries or tribunes would not directly address the need for light and aesthetics, and eliminating the ambulatory from the apse would not affect the nave vaulting.

Question 5

Which church was the burial place of the Holy Roman Emperors until the 12^th century? A) Palatine Chapel, Aachen B) Speyer Cathedral C) Sant'Ambrogio, Milan D) St.-Étienne, Caen

Accepted Answer

Speyer Cathedral was the burial place of the Holy Roman Emperors until the 12th century. Palatine Chapel in Aachen was the coronation place of the Emperors, but not their burial place. Sant'Ambrogio in Milan and St.-Étienne in Caen were not associated with Holy Roman Emperors' burial.

Question 6

St.-Sernin at Toulouse has been called a "pilgrimage" type church.Which of the following accounts for this designation?
A) It added perimeter buildings to house pilgrims.
B) It attached the ambulatory to the nave.
C) It had radiating chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory.
D) It narrowed the main aisle to create a dignified progress for viewing the relics.

Accepted Answer

St.-Sernin at Toulouse is considered a pilgrimage church because of the radiating chapels attached to the transept and ambulatory that were used to display relics and accommodate pilgrims.

Question 7

St.Trophîme at Arles has a rich Roman heritage.Which of the following most accurately describes the frieze above the freestanding columns of the portal?
A) It recalls the medallions from the Arch of Constantine.
B) It recalls the sculptured fronts of late antique sarcophagi.
C) It recalls the narrative bands from the Column of Trajan.
D) It recalls the panels from the Arch of Titus.

Accepted Answer

The frieze above the freestanding columns of the portal at St. Trophîme in Arles most accurately recalls the sculptured fronts of late antique sarcophagi. These sarcophagi were decorated with narrative scenes and ornamental motifs, often depicting Christian themes. The frieze at St. Trophîme similarly features Christian motifs and scenes, such as Christ and the apostles. It is also reminiscent of other early Christian art, particularly from the 4th and 5th centuries, which frequently borrowed from Roman art forms and styles. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 8

Which of the following supports Eadwine's claim to self-importance?
A) He likened his image to the Abbot of a monastery.
B) He likened his image to an Evangelist writing his Gospel.
C) He likened his image to the Master Builder.
D) He likened his image to Bernard of Clairvaux.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following supports Eadwine's claim...

Question 9

The Bayeux Tapestry is unique in Romanesque art.Which of the following supports this claim?
A) It depicted an actual event in full detail shortly after it occurred.
B) It depicted a tale from the First Crusade.
C) It depicted the Mission of the Apostles in full detail.
D) It depicted the clash between the Knights Templar and the Saracens.

Accepted Answer

The Bayeux Tapestry is unique because it depicted an actual event, the Norman Conquest of England, in full detail shortly after it occurred. This makes it a valuable historical record as well as an artistic masterpiece. The other options are incorrect as they do not pertain to the subject matter of the Tapestry.

Question 10

The plan of St.-Sernin is extremely regular and geometrically precise.It is based on a module seen in earlier church architecture.Which of the following churches is the prototype for this refined and rational structural approach?
A) St. Michael, Hildesheim
B) Monastery Church, St. Gall
C) Sta. Maria Maggiore, Rome
D) St. Cyriakus, Gernode

Accepted Answer

The Monastery Church in St. Gall, Switzerland, is known for its modular planning system, which influenced the design of St.-Sernin. This system used a basic unit of measurement to create a consistent and harmonious design throughout the building. St. Michael in Hildesheim also uses a modular system, but it is not as closely related to the design of St.-Sernin. Sta. Maria Maggiore in Rome and St. Cyriakus in Gernode do not have the same modular planning system as St.-Sernin.

Question 11

The one important requirement often missing from these church interiors is light.Which of the following did not allow for interior lighting?
A) Barrel-vaults exerted great outward thrust making a clerestory difficult to construct
B) Light not considered an important spiritual ingredient for church services
C) The massive walls would not support a tribune and clerestory
D) It was considered too expensive to fund the construction of a clerestory

Accepted Answer

Barrel-vaults exerted great outward thrust, making it difficult to construct a clerestory, which would allow for interior lighting.

Question 12

Of the following characteristics,which is not relevant to Italian church architecture?
A) verticality
B) thick, massive walls
C) continuous barrel-vaulting
D) groin-vaulting

Accepted Answer

Italian church architecture is typically characterized by horizontal lines and less emphasis on verticality compared to Gothic architecture, which is known for its verticality.

Question 13

Which of the following churches was the largest in Europe until the new St.Peter's in Rome was constructed in the 17^th century? A) Third Church at Cluny (Cluny III) B) St.-Sernin, Toulouse C) Speyer Cathedral D) Sant'Ambrogio, Milan

Accepted Answer

The Third Church at Cluny, also known as Cluny III, was the largest church in Europe until the construction of the new St. Peter's Basilica in Rome in the 17th century.

Question 14

The Throne of Wisdom,sedes sapientiae is the western European freestanding version of which of the following?
A) Islamic Throne
B) Byzantine Theotokos
C) Carolingian Throne
D) Ottonian Throne

Accepted Answer

Sedes sapientiae is the Latin term for "Throne of Wisdom," which refers to a depiction of the Virgin Mary with the child Jesus seated on her lap. This image became popular in Western Europe during the medieval period as a representation of the Theotokos, or "God-bearer," in Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Therefore, the Throne of Wisdom is the western European freestanding version of the Byzantine Theotokos.

Question 15

Saint-Savin is a hall church with paintings on the continuous vault of the nave.Which of the following allows for this?
A) It has low aisles and tribune galleries
B) The aisles are approximately the same height as the nave
C) It has a series of windows in the apse
D) It has low aisles but no tribune galleries

Accepted Answer

The answer of Saint-Savin is a hall church with paintings...

Question 16

Which of the following encouraged the growth of towns and cities?
A) a sharp increase in trade
B) the pilgrimage routes
C) a consolidation of power within the papacy
D) the end of the power of the Vikings

Accepted Answer

A sharp increase in trade encouraged the growth of towns and cities by creating markets and opportunities for merchants and craftsmen to settle in one place and sell their goods. This led to the growth of urban centers and the development of specialized industries and commerce. While the pilgrimage routes and consolidation of power within the papacy may have had some impact on the growth of towns and cities, they were not the primary factors. The end of the power of the Vikings may have reduced the threat of raids, but it did not directly lead to the growth of towns and cities.

Question 17

How did 11^th century Romanesque masons construct monumental groin vaults? A) By using ashlar blocks joined by mortar B) By using ashlar blocks C) By using concrete D) By using rubble blocks jointed by mortar

Accepted Answer

Romanesque masons constructed monumental groin vaults using ashlar blocks joined by mortar, which allowed for the precise shaping and fitting necessary for the complex curves and intersections of groin vaults.

Question 18

How is the initial R from the Moralia in Job typically Romanesque?
A) By the absence of a salutation
B) By exceeding the boundaries of the frame
C) By following Hiberno-Saxon carpet page patterns
D) By the banding of the torso and the partitioning of the folds of the costumes

Accepted Answer

The banding of the torso and the partitioning of the folds of the costumes are typical Romanesque features that can be seen in the initial R of the Moralia in Job. The absence of a salutation and the exceeding of frame boundaries are not necessarily Romanesque characteristics, while the Hiberno-Saxon carpet page patterns are associated with the earlier Insular art style.

Question 19

Which of the following describes the Stavelot reliquary of St.Alexander?
A) It is a combination of multiple sources as well as stylistic diversity.
B) It follows a strict adherence to the Meuse River region formula for figural representation.
C) It illustrates the imperial workshops of Byzantium.
D) It illustrates the impact of the Crusades in Belgium.

Accepted Answer

The Stavelot reliquary of St. Alexander is characterized by a combination of multiple sources, such as Byzantine, Carolingian, and Ottonian, as well as stylistic diversity. It does not strictly adhere to the Meuse River region formula for figural representation, nor does it illustrate the imperial workshops of Byzantium or the impact of the Crusades in Belgium.

Question 20

There is a diversity of regional styles in Romanesque church architecture.Which of the following is characteristic of the Northern French style found in St.-Étienne at Vignory?
A) It used small brick-like stones.
B) It used poured cement.
C) It used large sawn blocks of stone.
D) It used a wooden superstructure.

Accepted Answer

The Northern French style found in St.-Étienne at Vignory used large sawn blocks of stone, which is characteristic of this regional style. The use of small brick-like stones or poured cement is not typically associated with this style. The use of a wooden superstructure is more commonly found in the early medieval period of architecture, rather than the Romanesque style.

Quiz 12: The Age of Pilgrimages

Church interiors now became impressive acoustical settings for church services.Which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustics?

The most venerated pilgrimage shrine in the West,outside Rome or Jerusalem,was the _____________________.

It is said this structure's design is simple and serenely classical.It is a descendant of the Pantheon,the imperial mausoleum,such as Diocletian's,and the Early Christian Sta.Costanza.Which of the following is being described?

A more complex and efficient type of vaulting was needed that would admit light and at the same time be aesthetically pleasing.Which of the following systems would allow this adoption?

Which church was the burial place of the Holy Roman Emperors until the 12th century?

St.-Sernin at Toulouse has been called a "pilgrimage" type church.Which of the following accounts for this designation?

St.Trophîme at Arles has a rich Roman heritage.Which of the following most accurately describes the frieze above the freestanding columns of the portal?

Which of the following supports Eadwine's claim to self-importance?

The Bayeux Tapestry is unique in Romanesque art.Which of the following supports this claim?

The plan of St.-Sernin is extremely regular and geometrically precise.It is based on a module seen in earlier church architecture.Which of the following churches is the prototype for this refined and rational structural approach?

The one important requirement often missing from these church interiors is light.Which of the following did not allow for interior lighting?

Of the following characteristics,which is not relevant to Italian church architecture?

Which of the following churches was the largest in Europe until the new St.Peter's in Rome was constructed in the 17th century?

The Throne of Wisdom,sedes sapientiae is the western European freestanding version of which of the following?

Saint-Savin is a hall church with paintings on the continuous vault of the nave.Which of the following allows for this?

Which of the following encouraged the growth of towns and cities?

How did 11th century Romanesque masons construct monumental groin vaults?

How is the initial R from the Moralia in Job typically Romanesque?

Which of the following describes the Stavelot reliquary of St.Alexander?

There is a diversity of regional styles in Romanesque church architecture.Which of the following is characteristic of the Northern French style found in St.-Étienne at Vignory?

Which church was the burial place of the Holy Roman Emperors until the 12^th century?

Which of the following churches was the largest in Europe until the new St.Peter's in Rome was constructed in the 17^th century?

How did 11^th century Romanesque masons construct monumental groin vaults?