Question 1

The most appropriate technique to test the hypothesis that the average price that students are willing to pay for a meal at the University restaurant differs between Dutch,German and Chinese students is …?
A)Regression analysis.
B)Independent samples t-test.
C)Chi-square test.
D)ANOVA.

Accepted Answer

ANOVA (analysis of variance) is the most appropriate technique to test the hypothesis that the average price that students are willing to pay for a meal at the University restaurant differs between Dutch, German, and Chinese students. ANOVA is used to compare the means of three or more groups and determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them. The independent samples t-test is used to compare the means of two groups, so it is not appropriate in this case. Regression analysis is used to study the relationship between variables and would not be appropriate for testing this hypothesis. The chi-square test is used to test for the independence of two categorical variables and would not be appropriate for testing differences in means.

Question 2

What is the most appropriate technique to test the hypothesis that students who,for a certain course,attended tutorials from lecturer X are happier (measured on interval-level)than students who attended tutorials from lecturer Y and Z?
A)Regression analysis.
B)An independent samples t-test.
C)Chi-square analysis.
D)ANOVA.

Accepted Answer

ANOVA is appropriate for comparing the means of happiness scores across more than two groups (lecturers X, Y, and Z).

Question 3

Multicollinearity can be detected by a correlation matrix.

Accepted Answer

Multicollinearity can be detected by examining the correlation matrix between the independent variables in a regression analysis. High correlations between independent variables suggest the presence of multicollinearity.

Question 4

What is the most appropriate technique to test the hypothesis that the performance of employees depends on the reward they receive,because this reward increases their motivation (all variables are measured on a 5-point Likert scale)?
A)Multiple regression with an interaction effect.
B)Multiple regression with dummy variables.
C)Three multiple regression models so that mediation can be tested.
D)Simple regression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the most appropriate technique to...

Question 5

A researcher tests if the loyalty (measured on a 5-point Likert scale)of people with a loyalty card significantly differs from the loyalty of people without a loyalty card.The most appropriate technique to test this is:
A)An independent samples t-test.
B)ANOVA.
C)A paired-samples t-test.
D)A Chi-square test.

Accepted Answer

An independent samples t-test is appropriate when comparing the means of two independent groups. In this case, the loyalty of people with a loyalty card is being compared to the loyalty of people without a loyalty card, which are two independent groups. ANOVA is appropriate when comparing the means of three or more groups, and a paired-samples t-test is appropriate when comparing the means of two dependent groups. A Chi-square test is appropriate when comparing frequencies or proportions between categorical variables.

Question 6

ANOVA is used to determine if the variance between groups significantly differ from each other.

Accepted Answer

ANOVA is used to determine if the means of different groups are significantly different from each other, not the variance.

Question 7

For determining the F-ratio,the variance between groups ('between-groups mean square')is divided by the variance within groups ('within-groups mean square').

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes how the F-ratio is calculated in an analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Question 8

Which of the following alternatives is possibly the dependent (or Y)variable in a study in which regression analysis is used to analyze the data?
A)Political party.
B)Gender.
C)Favorite soccer team.
D)Disposable income of the respondent.

Accepted Answer

Disposable income is a variable that is likely to be influenced by other independent variables (such as age, education level, occupation, etc.) and therefore can be considered a dependent variable in regression analysis. Political party, gender, and favorite soccer team are all independent variables as they are unlikely to be influenced by other variables in the study.

Question 9

What is the most appropriate technique to test if having a mobile phone is related to having a fixed telephone connection?
A)ANOVA.
B)Regression analysis.
C)A Chi-square test.
D)A t-test.

Accepted Answer

A Chi-square test would be the most appropriate technique to test if having a mobile phone is related to having a fixed telephone connection as both these variables are categorical in nature. ANOVA and regression analysis are not appropriate as these are used for continuous dependent variables. A t-test is used to compare means of two continuous groups, which is not applicable in this case.

Question 10

Partial mediation exists when an independent variable influences the dependent variable both directly and indirectly.

Accepted Answer

In partial mediation, the independent variable has both a direct effect on the dependent variable and an indirect effect through a mediator variable. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 11

Multiple regression analysis can only be used when variables are measured with multi-item scales.

Accepted Answer

Multiple regression analysis can be used with any type of variables, including single-item scales or continuous variables.

Question 12

What is the most appropriate technique to test the hypothesis that the number of Bacardi Breezers drunk by men is smaller than the number of Bacardi Breezers drunk by women?
A)An independent samples t-test.
B)A one sample t-test.
C)A paired samples t-test.
D)ANOVA.

Accepted Answer

An independent samples t-test is the most appropriate technique to test the hypothesis that the number of Bacardi Breezers drunk by men is smaller than the number of Bacardi Breezers drunk by women, as it can compare the means of two independent groups (gender) to determine if there is a statistically significant difference. A one sample t-test would be used if we were comparing the means of one group to a known value, while a paired samples t-test would be used to compare means of two related groups. ANOVA would be used if we were comparing the means of more than two groups.

Question 13

A Sobel-test is generally used to test moderation.

Accepted Answer

A Sobel-test is generally used to test mediation, not moderation. It assesses the significance of the mediation effect in a mediation model.

Question 14

The most appropriate technique to test the hypothesis that the quality of tangible elements (measured on ratio-level)influences satisfaction on the University restaurant (measured on ration-level),but that the relationship between these variables differs between students and scientific employees is …?
A)Multiple regression analysis with an interaction-effect.
B)ANOVA.
C)Three multiple regression models so that mediation can be tested.
D)MANOVA.

Accepted Answer

Multiple regression analysis with an interaction-effect would allow for testing whether the relationship between the quality of tangible elements and satisfaction differs between students and scientific employees, accounting for their respective ratios-level measurements. ANOVA and MANOVA would not allow for testing this interaction effect, while three multiple regression models to test mediation would not be appropriate for this research question.

Question 15

A researcher estimates his model by means of regression analysis.The significance level of his model is .0012 and the R-squared is .31.Which conclusion can the researcher draw from these data?
A)At least one of the independent variables or the constant of the model is significantly related to Y.
B)The model explains 31% of the variation in the independent variables.
C)He has a multicollinearity problem.
D)All independent variables are significantly related to Y.

Accepted Answer

The significance level being less than .05 indicates that at least one of the independent variables or the constant is significantly related to Y. The R-squared value indicates that the model explains 31% of the variation in the dependent variable Y, but does not provide information on the significance of individual independent variables. Multicollinearity cannot be determined from this information.

Question 16

Essentially,the relations that are tested through ANOVA could also be tested through regression analysis (by dummy variables).

Accepted Answer

This is true. In fact, ANOVA can be thought of as a special case of regression analysis when there is only one categorical variable (i.e. no interaction terms or continuous predictors). The use of dummy variables in regression allows us to test the specific effects of each group in a categorical variable, just as ANOVA does.

Question 17

A researcher wants to know if the distribution of income in his sample corresponds to the real distribution in his population (60% < the standard,40% >= above the standard).The most appropriate technique to test this is:
A)An independent samples t-test.
B)ANOVA
C)A paired-samples t-test.
D)A Chi-square test.

Accepted Answer

A Chi-square test is the most appropriate technique to test the distribution of income in a sample compared to the known distribution in a population. This test compares the observed frequencies in different categories with the expected frequencies based on the known distribution, and determines if there is a significant difference between the two.

Question 18

The most suitable way to test if social class influences the political party for which people vote is:
A)A chi-square test.
B)A t-test.
C)ANOVA.
D)regression-analysis.

Accepted Answer

A chi-square test is the most appropriate method to analyze the relationship between two categorical variables, such as social class and political party preference. It would allow us to compare the observed distribution of party preferences among different social classes to the distribution we would expect to see by chance, and determine whether there is a statistically significant association between the two variables. T-tests and ANOVA are used to compare means between two or more groups, and regression analysis is used to model the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. While these methods may also provide useful information in studying the relationship between social class and political party preference, they are not as directly applicable to categorical data.

Question 19

The most appropriate technique to establish whether the average price of a Bacardi Breezer is higher than €5 is …?
A)An independent samples t-test.
B)A one sample t-test.
C)A paired samples t-test.
D)ANOVA.

Accepted Answer

A one sample t-test is the most appropriate technique as it compares the average price of Bacardi Breezers to a specific value (in this case, €5). An independent samples t-test would be used to compare two different groups (e.g. Bacardi Breezers vs. Smirnoff Ice), a paired samples t-test would be used to compare two related groups (e.g. before and after a price increase), and ANOVA would be used to compare the means of three or more groups.

Question 20

Multiple regression analysis measures the effect of an independent variable on the dependent variable,while the other independent variables are held constant.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct statement about multiple regression analysis. It allows us to isolate the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable while controlling for the potential influence of other independent variables.

Quiz 12: Quantitative Data Analysis Part 2: Hypothesis Testing

The most appropriate technique to test the hypothesis that the average price that students are willing to pay for a meal at the University restaurant differs between Dutch,German and Chinese students is …?

What is the most appropriate technique to test the hypothesis that students who,for a certain course,attended tutorials from lecturer X are happier (measured on interval-level) than students who attended tutorials from lecturer Y and Z?

Multicollinearity can be detected by a correlation matrix.

What is the most appropriate technique to test the hypothesis that the performance of employees depends on the reward they receive,because this reward increases their motivation (all variables are measured on a 5-point Likert scale) ?

A researcher tests if the loyalty (measured on a 5-point Likert scale) of people with a loyalty card significantly differs from the loyalty of people without a loyalty card.The most appropriate technique to test this is:

ANOVA is used to determine if the variance between groups significantly differ from each other.

For determining the F-ratio,the variance between groups ('between-groups mean square')is divided by the variance within groups ('within-groups mean square').

Which of the following alternatives is possibly the dependent (or Y) variable in a study in which regression analysis is used to analyze the data?

What is the most appropriate technique to test if having a mobile phone is related to having a fixed telephone connection?

Partial mediation exists when an independent variable influences the dependent variable both directly and indirectly.

Multiple regression analysis can only be used when variables are measured with multi-item scales.

What is the most appropriate technique to test the hypothesis that the number of Bacardi Breezers drunk by men is smaller than the number of Bacardi Breezers drunk by women?

A Sobel-test is generally used to test moderation.

A researcher estimates his model by means of regression analysis.The significance level of his model is .0012 and the R-squared is .31.Which conclusion can the researcher draw from these data?

Essentially,the relations that are tested through ANOVA could also be tested through regression analysis (by dummy variables).

A researcher wants to know if the distribution of income in his sample corresponds to the real distribution in his population (60% < the standard,40% >= above the standard) .The most appropriate technique to test this is:

The most suitable way to test if social class influences the political party for which people vote is:

The most appropriate technique to establish whether the average price of a Bacardi Breezer is higher than €5 is …?

Multiple regression analysis measures the effect of an independent variable on the dependent variable,while the other independent variables are held constant.