Question 1

Opportunity theory is based on what perspective?
A) conflict perspective
B) symbolic interactionist perspective
C) feminist perspective
D) postmodernist perspective

Accepted Answer

Opportunity theory is based on the symbolic interactionist perspective, which focuses on how individuals interpret and respond to social cues and opportunities in shaping their behaviors and choices. The theory emphasizes the role of individual agency and the importance of access to resources and opportunities in determining criminal behavior.

Question 2

Who decides the guilt or innocence of those accused of committing a crime?
A) the community
B) police officers
C) criminal courts
D) moral entrepreneurs

Accepted Answer

Criminal courts are responsible for determining the guilt or innocence of individuals accused of committing a crime. This is done through a legal process that includes presenting evidence, cross-examining witnesses, and making a ruling based on the law and evidence presented. The community and police officers may have a role in reporting or investigating the crime, but the ultimate decision of guilt or innocence rests with the criminal courts. Moral entrepreneurs may influence public opinion, but they do not have the authority to determine guilt or innocence in a legal context.

Question 3

Single mother Jeannette works at two minimum wage jobs.She routinely writes bad cheques and eventually gets arrested for fraud.Which theory would explain Jeannette's deviance in terms of poor wages and her inability to provide economically for her children?
A) functionalist theory
B) feminist theory
C) social control theory
D) conflict theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Single mother Jeannette works at two minimum...

Question 4

Which term would Howard Becker use to describe animal rights activists who protest Lucy the Elephant's residence at the Valley Zoo in Edmonton?
A) professional speakers
B) moral entrepreneurs
C) modern prophets
D) ethical brokers

Accepted Answer

Howard Becker would use the term "moral entrepreneurs" to describe animal rights activists who protest Lucy the Elephant's residence at the Valley Zoo in Edmonton. Moral entrepreneurs are individuals or groups who seek to create or change social norms and values by promoting their own moral or ethical beliefs. In this case, animal rights activists are trying to change the norm of keeping animals in captivity for human entertainment or education.

Question 5

Your parents are upset about the new group of peers with whom you are spending time because they feel that this new group of friends is encouraging you to behave in inappropriate and deviant ways.Which of the theorists below developed the theory that best fits this scenario?
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Sutherland
C) Richard Cloward
D) Robert Merton

Accepted Answer

Edwin Sutherland developed Differential Association Theory, which suggests that deviant behavior is learned through interaction with others. In this scenario, the concern is that the new group of peers is influencing inappropriate or deviant behavior, aligning with Sutherland's theory that individuals learn values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior through their associations.

Question 6

What is the most important source of information on crimes reported in Canada?
A) Law Enforcement Administration System
B) Canadian Criminological Society
C) Canadian Uniform Crime Reporting System
D) Statistics Canada Long-Form Census

Accepted Answer

The Canadian Uniform Crime Reporting System is the most important source of information on crimes reported in Canada. It is a national database that collects crime statistics from participating police services across the country. The data collected includes information on the number, types, and characteristics of reported crimes, as well as the age and sex of victims and offenders. This information is used to develop crime prevention strategies, inform policy decisions, and measure the effectiveness of law enforcement efforts.

Question 7

What did the 1993 National Violence Against Women Survey find?
A) Men with university degrees assaulted their wives more often than men with a high-school education.
B) Men who were unemployed were much less likely to assault their wives than men who were employed.
C) Men who made less than $15,000 per year were much more likely to assault their wives than men with higher incomes.
D) Wife assault was actually most common in the very highest income levels.

Accepted Answer

The 1993 National Violence Against Women Survey found that men who made less than $15,000 per year were much more likely to assault their wives than men with higher incomes.

Question 8

What does the text claim about age and crime?
A) The relationship between age and criminality is negligible.
B) There is no relationship between age and criminality in most societies.
C) The relationship between age and criminality is unique to Canada.
D) The relationship between age and criminality exists in almost every society.

Accepted Answer

The text states that "the relationship between age and criminality is one of the most consistent findings in criminology, held true across geographic locations and cultural boundaries." Therefore, the relationship between age and criminality exists in almost every society.

Question 9

Which theory of Robert Merton's suggests that the macrolevel structures of a society can produce social pressures resulting in a higher rate of deviant behaviour?
A) strain
B) differential association
C) labelling
D) opportunity

Accepted Answer

Merton's strain theory suggests that the macrolevel structures of a society, such as unequal distribution of resources and opportunities, can result in a strain or pressure on individuals to engage in deviant behavior as a means of achieving their goals.

Question 10

Why are victimization surveys more accurate crime statistics than police records?
A) Police records provide information only from offenders,not victims.
B) Victimization surveys provide us with information about crimes that have not been officially reported.
C) People are more inclined to remember minor types of crime on victimization surveys.
D) Police records can be problematic because police tend not to get many reports from victims.

Accepted Answer

Victimization surveys provide us with information about crimes that have not been officially reported, giving a more accurate picture of the true extent of crime in society than police records, which only include officially reported crime incidents.

Question 11

What is important to consider when examining the relationship between social class and crime?
A) Crime increases during times of high unemployment.
B) Poor countries have higher rates of crime than rich countries.
C) We do not have the data to adequately assess the relationship between class and crime.
D) Lower-class people are underrepresented in arrest and prison admission statistics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is important to consider when examining...

Question 12

Which of the following is a typical form of social control?
A) behaviour that echoes a belief in conformity and commitment to social order
B) rewards parents give to encourage good behaviour
C) a fine of $300
D) a jail sentence of two years less a day

Accepted Answer

Social control refers to mechanisms, strategies, and institutions society uses to regulate individual behavior and maintain social order. A belief in conformity and commitment to social order is a form of internal social control.

Question 13

Elijah Anderson draws on opportunity theory to argue that a particular economy is an employment agency superimposed on the gang network for many young men who lack other opportunities.To which of the following is he referring?
A) weapons
B) prostitution
C) drugs
D) stolen goods

Accepted Answer

Elijah Anderson is referring to the drug economy as the employment agency superimposed on the gang network. He argues that many young men who lack other opportunities turn to selling drugs as a way to earn a living within this economy.

Question 14

What characteristic of the offender is one of the most significant factors associated with crime and deviance?
A) age
B) race
C) gender
D) social class

Accepted Answer

Age is one of the most significant factors associated with crime and deviance. Research has consistently shown that the peak age for criminal activity is in late adolescence and early adulthood, with a decline in criminal behavior as individuals age. Factors such as maturity, cognitive development, and socialization contribute to this relationship between age and offending. Race, gender, and social class are also important factors, but age has been found to have the strongest association with criminal behavior.

Question 15

Don does his first break-and-enter at age 16.During his teens,he continues to break into cars and homes until he is sent to jail shortly after his nineteenth birthday.According to Edwin Lemert's labelling theory,what is he demonstrating?
A) career deviance
B) primary deviance
C) secondary deviance
D) undetected deviance

Accepted Answer

Don is demonstrating secondary deviance, which refers to the label or stigma of being a criminal becoming a part of his self-identity, leading to further deviance and criminal behavior.

Question 16

Which Canadian region has the lowest overall crime rate?
A) Northern
B) Eastern
C) Western
D) Central

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which Canadian region has the lowest overall...

Question 17

A young girl in middle school decides,for the first time,not to attend school today because she has a test.What would sociologist Edwin Lemert call this initial act of rule breaking?
A) primary deviance
B) secondary deviance
C) residual deviance
D) undetected deviance

Accepted Answer

Edwin Lemert would call this initial act of rule breaking primary deviance. This is because it is a one-time occurrence and does not reflect a larger pattern of deviant behavior.

Question 18

Which Canadian region has the highest overall crime rate?
A) Northern
B) Southern
C) Eastern
D) Central

Accepted Answer

The Northern region of Canada typically has the highest overall crime rate. This is due to a variety of factors including socio-economic challenges, limited access to services, and smaller, isolated communities which can exacerbate issues related to crime.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of deviance?
A) serving alcohol at a dinner party with friends or co-workers
B) standing up and singing during a chemistry exam
C) travelling 10 km over the speed limit
D) telling your friends your hopes and dreams

Accepted Answer

Deviance refers to any behavior that goes against the norms or expectations of a particular society or group. Standing up and singing during a chemistry exam would be considered deviant behavior as it goes against the norms and rules of typical exam behavior. Serving alcohol at a dinner party, travelling slightly over the speed limit, and sharing hopes and dreams with friends are not necessarily deviant behaviors.

Question 20

Which theory assumes that deviance is learned in interactions with people who have favourable attitudes toward crime?
A) opportunity theory
B) social control theory
C) differential association theory
D) strain theory

Accepted Answer

Differential association theory assumes that deviance is learned through interactions with people who have favourable attitudes toward crime.

Quiz 8: Social Class

Opportunity theory is based on what perspective?

Who decides the guilt or innocence of those accused of committing a crime?

Single mother Jeannette works at two minimum wage jobs.She routinely writes bad cheques and eventually gets arrested for fraud.Which theory would explain Jeannette's deviance in terms of poor wages and her inability to provide economically for her children?

Which term would Howard Becker use to describe animal rights activists who protest Lucy the Elephant's residence at the Valley Zoo in Edmonton?

Your parents are upset about the new group of peers with whom you are spending time because they feel that this new group of friends is encouraging you to behave in inappropriate and deviant ways.Which of the theorists below developed the theory that best fits this scenario?

What is the most important source of information on crimes reported in Canada?

What did the 1993 National Violence Against Women Survey find?

What does the text claim about age and crime?

Which theory of Robert Merton's suggests that the macrolevel structures of a society can produce social pressures resulting in a higher rate of deviant behaviour?

Why are victimization surveys more accurate crime statistics than police records?

What is important to consider when examining the relationship between social class and crime?

Which of the following is a typical form of social control?

Elijah Anderson draws on opportunity theory to argue that a particular economy is an employment agency superimposed on the gang network for many young men who lack other opportunities.To which of the following is he referring?

What characteristic of the offender is one of the most significant factors associated with crime and deviance?

Don does his first break-and-enter at age 16.During his teens,he continues to break into cars and homes until he is sent to jail shortly after his nineteenth birthday.According to Edwin Lemert's labelling theory,what is he demonstrating?

Which Canadian region has the lowest overall crime rate?

A young girl in middle school decides,for the first time,not to attend school today because she has a test.What would sociologist Edwin Lemert call this initial act of rule breaking?

Which Canadian region has the highest overall crime rate?

Which of the following is an example of deviance?

Which theory assumes that deviance is learned in interactions with people who have favourable attitudes toward crime?