What percentage of the total energy is lost due to metabolism,heat,and waste between trophic levels in a food chain?

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It is estimated that up to 90% of the total energy is lost between trophic levels in a food chain due to metabolic processes, heat production, and waste. Only about 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. This loss of energy explains why food chains are usually limited to just a few levels and the importance of primary producers, as they provide the energy for all other levels.

What Percentage of the Total Energy Is Lost Due to Metabolism,heat,and