Question 1

Which statement is true regarding the "open mouth" technique for spirometry in children?
A) Noseclips should not be used.
B) Some volume may be lost at the beginning of the FVC effort.
C) The open mouth method produces higher peak expiratory flows.
D) This is the preferred method for spirometry in those younger than 10 years.

Accepted Answer

Some volume may be lost at the beginning of the FVC effort due to air escaping through the nose. Noseclips should be used to minimize this loss of volume. The open mouth method may produce higher peak expiratory flows, but it is not the preferred method for spirometry in those younger than 10 years.

Question 2

What is the normal FRC range in an infant?
A) Between 2 and 3 ml per kg of weight
B) Between 5 and 10 ml per kg of weight
C) Between 15 and 25 ml per kg of weight
D) Between 25 and 35 ml per kg of weight

Accepted Answer

The normal Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) range in an infant is between 15 and 25 ml per kg of weight.

Question 3

What lung volume is used as a reference point when performing a rapid thoracoabdominal compression (hug technique)?
A) Total lung capacity
B) Vital capacity
C) Tidal volume
D) Functional residual capacity

Accepted Answer

The rapid thoracoabdominal compression or "hug technique" is used to produce a forced maximal expiration from functional residual capacity (FRC), which is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration. Therefore, D, functional residual capacity, is the correct answer. Total lung capacity (A) is the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold, vital capacity (B) is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation, and tidal volume (C) is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each normal breath.

Question 4

A 6-year-old girl performs body plethysmography,and three acceptable closed-shutter panting maneuvers are recorded.However,she cannot perform a slow vital capacity maneuver.Which lung volumes can be reliably reported?
A) IC and ERV
B) TLC and RV
C) FRC only
D) Tidal volume only

Accepted Answer

FRC is the only lung volume that can be reliably reported from body plethysmography without a slow vital capacity maneuver.

Question 5

What does an FEF_50%/FIF_50% >1.0 suggest? A) A variable intrathoracic obstruction B) A fixed obstruction C) Chronic obstructive lung disease D) A variable extrathoracic obstruction

Accepted Answer

The abbreviation suggests a flow-volume loop measurement, with FEF_50% referring to forced expiratory flow at 150 milliliters per second, and FIF_50% referring to forced inspiratory flow at the same rate. The >1.0 suggests that the expiratory flow is greater than the inspiratory flow, indicating a potential variable extrathoracic obstruction.

Question 6

Which statement is an essential patient instruction while performing an impulse oscillometry test?
A) The test is performed with children standing.
B) The shutter must be closed at or near FRC.
C) Head should be in a neutral or slightly extended position.
D) Noseclips are not required.

Accepted Answer

The head should be in a neutral or slightly extended position during an impulse oscillometry test to ensure an open airway, allowing for accurate measurement of lung function.

Question 7

What is the allowable back-extrapolation volume in very young children,according to the ATS-ERS pediatric-specific recommendations?
A) 5% or 150 ml
B) 10% or 100 ml
C) 12.5% or 80 ml
D) 15% or 150 ml

Accepted Answer

According to the ATS-ERS pediatric-specific recommendations, the allowable back-extrapolation volume is 12.5% or 80 ml in very young children.

Question 8

A 9-year-old boy performs acceptable spirometry,and the following data are reported:  These findings are most suggestive of:
A) Asthma
B) Large airway obstruction
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Normal pulmonary function

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 9-year-old boy performs acceptable spirometry,and the...

Question 9

Which statement best describes the measurement of lung volumes in children? A) Body plethysmography is accurate and easy to perform. B) Children younger than 10 years should be tested with a helium dilution technique. C) Children younger than 8 years are usually not able to perform N₂ washout. D) Single-breath gas dilution (He)is preferred.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement best describes the measurement of...

Question 10

What is the "passive occlusion technique" used to measure in the sedated infant? A) P₁₀₀ B) Inspiratory pressures C) Thoracic gas volume D) Compliance

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the "passive occlusion technique" used...

Question 11

What pressure is used (unless otherwise contraindicated)during the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RVRTC)technique? A) 10 cm H₂O B) 20 cm H₂O C) 30 cm H₂O D) 40 cm H₂O

Accepted Answer

The raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RVRTC) technique typically uses a pressure of 30 cm H2O unless contraindicated. This pressure is chosen to effectively assess lung function while minimizing risks.

Question 12

A 10-year-old girl performs spirometry,and the following data are recorded:  What should the technologist do with the data?
A) Perform another maneuver.
B) Report the data from Trial 1 because the subject is fatigued.
C) Data are acceptable and repeatable.
D) Effort-induced bronchospasm is present.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 10-year-old girl performs spirometry,and the following...

Question 13

Incorrect BTPS correction
A) 1 and 2
B) 3 and 4
C) 1,2,and 3
D) 2,3,and 4

Accepted Answer

The correct choice is A) 1 and 2 because these options likely refer to incorrect methods or factors used in BTPS (Body Temperature, Pressure, Saturated) correction, which is a standard adjustment in respiratory physiology to account for differences in temperature, pressure, and humidity between the environment and the human body.

Question 14

A 10-year-old African-American boy (height: 47 inches)performs spirometry,and the following results are recorded:  Which statement best explains these findings?
A) There is a restrictive pattern,and lung volumes are indicated.
B) There is an obstructive pattern,and a bronchodilator study is needed.
C) There is an obstructive pattern,and a methacholine challenge is indicated.
D) The values are within normal limits.

Accepted Answer

The spirometry values are within normal limits for a 10-year-old African-American boy, as indicated by the predicted values and the FEV1/FVC ratio, which is greater than 85%. Therefore, no further testing or intervention is indicated based on these results.

Question 15

According to ATS-ERS,pediatric-specific recommendations,what is a key factor in determining end-of-test criteria?
A) Cessation of maneuver occurs at <10% of peak flow.
B) A minimum of 6 seconds
C) There is no cough before the first second.
D) Extrapolated volume is <150 ml.

Accepted Answer

The ATS-ERS pediatric-specific recommendations consider cessation of the maneuver at <10% of peak flow as a key factor in determining end-of-test criteria for children.

Question 16

Which two variables are components of impedance?
A) Resistance and reactance
B) Resistance and compliance
C) Reactance and resonance
D) Compliance and capacitance

Accepted Answer

Impedance is the total opposition to the flow of alternating current in a circuit. It is composed of two components - resistance and reactance. Resistance is the opposition to current flow due to the frictional force of electrons moving through a conductor, while reactance is the opposition to current flow due to the presence of capacitance or inductance in a circuit. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not include both resistance and reactance.

Question 17

PEFV curves may be obtained in infants by using which of the following?
A) Forced tidal breathing
B) Voluntary hyperventilation
C) Multiple occlusion technique
D) Rapid thoracoabdominal compression

Accepted Answer

Rapid thoracoabdominal compression is a technique used to obtain partial expiratory flow-volume (PEFV) curves in infants, as it helps to simulate forced expiration.

Question 18

Which interpretation is consistent with the following flow-volume curve? 
A) Normal flow-volume loop
B) Variable intrathoracic obstruction
C) Variable extrathoracic obstruction
D) Fixed large airway obstruction

Accepted Answer

The flow-volume loop shows a variable extrathoracic obstruction, with a concave appearance on the expiratory limb indicating a decrease in expiratory flow rates, which suggests a narrowing of the extrathoracic airway. There is a normalization of the shape of the loop on inhalation, indicating that the obstruction is not fixed.

Question 19

What type of testing modality yields Konno-Mead loops?
A) Hug-technique spirometry
B) Respiratory inductive plethysmography
C) Impulse oscillometry
D) Passive occlusion technique

Accepted Answer

Konno-Mead loops, which graphically represent the relationship between thoracic and abdominal movements during breathing, are obtained through respiratory inductive plethysmography. This technique involves using bands placed around the chest and abdomen to measure volume changes during respiration.

Question 20

Measurement of compliance in infants differs from the measurement in adults in that:
A) Infants are unable to breath hold.
B) The airway does not need to be occluded in infants.
C) The infant's chest wall is much more compliant than an adult's.
D) An esophageal balloon must be used in the infant.

Accepted Answer

Infants have a much more compliant chest wall than adults, which means that compliance measurement methods used in adults, such as occluding the airway or using an esophageal balloon, are not necessary or appropriate for infants. Breath holding is also not typically used as a compliance measurement method in infants.

Quiz 8: Pediatric Pulmonary Function Tests

Which statement is true regarding the "open mouth" technique for spirometry in children?

What is the normal FRC range in an infant?

What lung volume is used as a reference point when performing a rapid thoracoabdominal compression (hug technique) ?

A 6-year-old girl performs body plethysmography,and three acceptable closed-shutter panting maneuvers are recorded.However,she cannot perform a slow vital capacity maneuver.Which lung volumes can be reliably reported?

What does an FEF_50%/FIF_50% >1.0 suggest?

Which statement is an essential patient instruction while performing an impulse oscillometry test?

What is the allowable back-extrapolation volume in very young children,according to the ATS-ERS pediatric-specific recommendations?

A 9-year-old boy performs acceptable spirometry,and the following data are reported: These findings are most suggestive of:

Which statement best describes the measurement of lung volumes in children?

What is the "passive occlusion technique" used to measure in the sedated infant?

What pressure is used (unless otherwise contraindicated) during the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RVRTC) technique?

A 10-year-old girl performs spirometry,and the following data are recorded: What should the technologist do with the data?

Incorrect BTPS correction

A 10-year-old African-American boy (height: 47 inches) performs spirometry,and the following results are recorded: Which statement best explains these findings?

According to ATS-ERS,pediatric-specific recommendations,what is a key factor in determining end-of-test criteria?

Which two variables are components of impedance?

PEFV curves may be obtained in infants by using which of the following?

Which interpretation is consistent with the following flow-volume curve?

What type of testing modality yields Konno-Mead loops?

Measurement of compliance in infants differs from the measurement in adults in that: