Question 1

Which of the following seems to contribute to the fact that people in bigger, more densely populated cities are less likely to help?

Accepted Answer

Compassion fatigue, diffusion of responsibility, and sensory overload from encountering so many people in need are all factors that contribute to the phenomenon of people in bigger, more densely populated cities being less likely to help.

Question 2

In a study by Latané and Rodin, a female experimenter apparently fell and hurt her ankle. What percentage of participants who were alone offered help?

Accepted Answer

70% of participants who were alone offered help, demonstrating the bystander effect, where individuals are less likely to offer help when other potential helpers are present.

Question 3

Research evidence indicates that prosocial models

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that prosocial models presented on television can promote altruism in the observers, particularly in children. Observing kindness and helpful behavior can increase the likelihood of the observer engaging in similar behavior.

Question 4

In staging physical fights between a man and a woman, Shotland and Straw found that bystanders intervened only 19 percent of the time when the woman shouted,

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B) "Get away from me, I don't know why I ever married you!" because this statement implies a personal relationship between the individuals, which may lead bystanders to interpret the situation as a private matter rather than a clear-cut case of aggression or assault, thus making them less likely to intervene.

Question 5

Studies of bystander intervention reveal that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies of bystander intervention reveal that
...

Question 6

Latané and Darley had university students complete questionnaires in a small room and then had smoke poured into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working ___________ tended to notice the smoke in _____________.

Accepted Answer

According to the information given in the question, Latané and Darley found that students who were working alone tended to notice the smoke in less than five seconds.

Question 7

About 15 people are waiting at a bus stop after dark. Flames suddenly begin to shoot out the window of a house across the street. Someone instantly calls the fire department while several other people run across the street to alert those in the house. Why did the bystander effect not occur in this situation?

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect occurs when individuals do not offer help in an emergency situation because they believe that others will provide assistance. In this situation, the flames shooting out of the window were clearly an emergency and required immediate action. The urgency of the situation likely overrode any hesitation caused by the presence of other people at the scene. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 8

The finding that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

Accepted Answer

The finding that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called the bystander effect. Other people's presence can lead to diffusion of responsibility and produce a social influence whereby people feel that someone else will help or assume that nothing is really wrong if nobody else is reacting.

Question 9

Marcus falls down and hurts his ankle on a busy city street. In which of the following locations, according to research by Levine, is he most likely to be helped?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marcus falls down and hurts his ankle...

Question 10

Darley and Latané set up an experiment in which participants listening over headphones heard another participant suffering a seizure and crying for help. Of participants who believed there were _____ other witnesses, _____ sought to help the victim.

Accepted Answer

In the experiment by Darley and Latané, when participants believed they were the only witness to the seizure, 85 percent sought to help, illustrating the bystander effect where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

Question 11

According to Darley and Latané, even if people notice an event that they realize to be an emergency, _______________ in the presence of other bystanders can inhibit helping.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon of diffusion of responsibility occurs when people in a group feel less personal responsibility to take action in an emergency situation because there are other bystanders present who could also help. This can result in a decreased likelihood of any one person taking action or helping.

Question 12

In the experimental studies of bystander non-intervention, researchers have

Accepted Answer

Researchers have been careful to debrief participants to ensure they understand the purpose of the study and the importance of the findings, especially in studies involving sensitive topics like bystander non-intervention.

Question 13

According to Latané and Darley, people's failure to intervene in cases like that of Kitty Genovese could be explained due to

Accepted Answer

Latané and Darley proposed the concept of the bystander effect, which suggests that the presence of others can decrease the likelihood that an individual will intervene in an emergency situation. This situational influence can lead individuals to assume that someone else will take action and diffuse responsibility, even if they personally feel a responsibility to help. Personality traits, mood factors, and selfish genes may also play a role in individual behavior, but the bystander effect is primarily a product of the situational context.

Question 14

By 1980, about four dozen studies of bystander non-intervention involving nearly 6,000 people showed that bystanders were most likely to offer help if they were

Accepted Answer

Bystanders are more likely to offer help when they are alone because they do not experience the diffusion of responsibility that occurs in group settings.

Question 15

Lydia lives in Toronto, and constantly sees people "in need" when she walks to and from work. She doesn't often help anyone anymore, as there are just too many people that "need" something. Lydia is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Lydia is most likely experiencing compassion fatigue and sensory overload because she is exposed to so many people in need on a regular basis that it becomes overwhelming, leading her to feel less inclined to help. Compassion fatigue occurs when continuous exposure to the suffering of others leads to a diminished capacity to empathize or assist, while sensory overload refers to the overwhelming of one's senses by the environment, in this case, the constant presence of people in need.

Question 16

Illusion of transparency is the tendency to

Accepted Answer

Illusion of transparency refers to the tendency of overestimating other people's ability to read our internal states. It is a cognitive bias where people believe that their thoughts, feelings, and emotions are more visible to others than they actually are. This can lead to discomfort and anxiety in social situations, as individuals may attempt to hide or mask their emotions based on the false assumption that others can read them easily.

Question 17

To compare helping in different cities and cultures, Levine and his colleagues would accidentally drop a pen, drop magazines while limping with an apparently injured leg, or feign blindness when approaching an intersection as the light turned green. Those dropping a pen in ___________ were, for example, four times more likely to be helped than those doing so in New York City.

Accepted Answer

According to the information given, those who dropped a pen in Rio de Janeiro were four times more likely to be helped than those in New York City.

Question 18

When Irving Piliavin and his colleagues staged an emergency-a staggering, collapsing man-on 103 subway trips, they found that the victim was promptly offered assistance almost every time, even when he appeared to be drunk rather than disabled. Further research seems to confirm that bystander helpfulness was due to

Accepted Answer

The fact that the situation was unambiguous is the best explanation as to why bystander helpfulness was high in the subway emergency study. The victim's need was clear and unambiguous, which prompted prompt and consistent offers of assistance.

Question 19

Bystanders will inhibit helping the most under which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are correct. Research has shown that bystanders are less likely to help in ambiguous situations because they are unsure if help is needed or if someone else has already intervened. When other bystanders are strangers, individuals may feel less responsible to take action. Similarly, if bystanders cannot read one another's reactions, individuals may look to others to gauge whether or not help is necessary, resulting in a diffusion of responsibility.

Question 20

A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack. According to Darley and Latané, what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stranger has collapsed on a city...

Quiz 8: Altruism: Helping Others