Question 1

Which one of the following statements is true regarding the subjects of Adler and Adler's study of self-injurers?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

Sociological studies have indicated that people who are married are less likely to commit suicide than people who are divorced.In this example,marital status is a(n)

Accepted Answer

In this example, marital status is the independent variable because it is being used to predict or explain the dependent variable, which is the likelihood of committing suicide.

Question 3

After a sociologist reviews the literature,what is the next step in the process?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

The variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable is referred to by social scientists as a(n)

Accepted Answer

The variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable is known as the independent variable. This is because it is independent of the outcome or dependent variable and is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Question 5

Which of the following terms is used to describe a systematic,organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem?

Accepted Answer

The scientific method is a systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem. It involves formulating research questions, developing hypotheses, designing and conducting experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions based on evidence. This method helps researchers to minimize bias and errors, and to produce reliable and valid results.

Question 6

An operational definition is

Accepted Answer

An operational definition is a specific explanation of an abstract concept that allows a researcher to measure the concept. It provides guidelines for how to measure the concept in a practical way, usually through quantitative measures or behaviors. It is not a speculative statement about a relationship between variables or an evaluation of the consistency of a measure.

Question 7

A researcher finds that those who have children at a young age are significantly more likely to have lower levels of education as a result of early childbearing.This would be an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a correlation, as there is a relationship between two variables (having children at a young age and having lower levels of education). However, it does not necessarily prove causation, as other factors could also contribute to this correlation.

Question 8

What is commonly the second step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

The second step in the scientific method is usually reviewing the literature to gather information and understand previous research that has been conducted on the topic. This helps formulate a hypothesis and develop a research design.

Question 9

Income,religion,race,gender,and marital status can all be examples of

Accepted Answer

Income, religion, race, gender, and marital status are all examples of variables, which are characteristics or attributes that can vary or take on different values among individuals in a population or sample. Variables can be measured or observed and are often used in research studies to examine relationships and differences. Indexes and scales can also be used to measure variables, but these terms refer to specific methods for combining or calculating scores based on multiple variables. Operational definitions are statements or descriptions that define how a variable is being measured or observed in a particular study.

Question 10

A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is known as a

Accepted Answer

A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is a hypothesis. Correlation refers to the degree to which two variables are related and is often used to test hypotheses. Sample and research design are not relevant to this question.

Question 11

Adler and Adler's work on self-injury reflects which of the three major sociological approaches?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adler and Adler's work on self-injury reflects...

Question 12

If you were interested in studying the relationship between date and acquaintance rape victims and the characteristics of the rapist,your first step would be to

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you were interested in studying the...

Question 13

Sociological studies have indicated that people who are married are less likely to commit suicide than people who are divorced.In this example,suicide is a(n)

Accepted Answer

In this example, the dependent variable is suicide, as it is the outcome being measured and affected by the independent variable of marital status. The study is investigating the relationship between marital status and suicide, and therefore suicide is not a hypothesis, index, or independent variable in this context.

Question 14

Sociologists conduct a "review of the literature" to

Accepted Answer

Sociologists conduct a review of the literature in order to refine the problem under study, clarify possible techniques to be used in collecting data, and eliminate or reduce the number of avoidable mistakes they make. All of these reasons are correct, making choice D the best answer.

Question 15

A sociologist who is interested in examining racism in sports might determine what percentage of team owners,general managers,coaches,and managers are members of each racial group.This would be an example of developing a(n)

Accepted Answer

An operational definition specifies how the concepts in a study are measured or defined in practical, real-world terms. In this case, determining the percentage of team owners, general managers, coaches, and managers who are members of each racial group is an operational definition because it provides a specific, measurable way to examine racism in sports.

Question 16

The statement "Women who receive welfare are less likely than other women to have babies" is an example of

Accepted Answer

The statement is a hypothesis, as it proposes a relationship between two variables (receipt of welfare and likelihood of having babies) that can be tested through research.

Question 17

Researchers find that pet owners live longer,healthier lives.Within this study,pet ownership is the

Accepted Answer

Pet ownership is the independent variable because it is being manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable (longevity and health of pet owners). The other variables mentioned (spurious and operational variables) are not relevant in this scenario.

Question 18

What sociological perspective would most likely suggest that educational inequalities are purposeful and set up to reinforce the position of those in power?

Accepted Answer

The conflict perspective views society as being divided into different groups with competing interests and values. This perspective suggests that educational inequalities are purposeful and set up to reinforce the position of those in power, as it maintains the status quo and ensures that those in power continue to benefit from their position.  The functionalist perspective, on the other hand, views society as a network of interconnected parts that work together to maintain social stability and ensure the smooth functioning of society. The interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals interact with each other and how this shapes their experiences and perspectives. The feminist perspective focuses on issues related to gender and how they intersect with other forms of inequality, such as race and class.

Question 19

A variable is

Accepted Answer

A variable is a characteristic or trait that can vary or change under different conditions. It is typically measurable, and researchers often manipulate or measure variables in experiments to understand their effects. Choice B refers to reliability, choice C refers to observer bias, and choice D refers to a hypothesis, which is a tentative statement about a relationship between variables.

Question 20

Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that education is necessary for people to earn more money and advance in society for the purpose of social stability?

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective emphasizes the role of education in maintaining social stability by preparing individuals for their roles in society, including their occupational roles, which can lead to higher income and social mobility.

Quiz 2: Sociological Research