Question 1

Majority social acceptance of African American,Asian,Hispanic,and other ethnoracial groups has not proceeded at the same pace as it has for many European immigrant groups-such as the Germans,Irish,and Poles who arrived in the late 1800s and early 1900s.What is one explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

European immigrant groups had the same skin color as the majority group.

Question 2

What is one reason standardized tests are considered "culture bound" and so racially biased?

Accepted Answer

Standardized tests often rely on cultural references and assumptions that may only be familiar to certain groups of people, typically white, middle-class individuals. This can disadvantage students from different cultural backgrounds who may not have had the same exposure to the content and format of the tests. As a result, such tests can be deemed culturally biased and racially discriminatory.

Question 3

Which Latino ethnic group is most financially successful in the United States today?

Accepted Answer

Cuban Americans are generally considered the most financially successful Latino group in the United States, with a median household income of $73,000, which is higher than the national average. This is partly due to the fact that many Cuban immigrants who came to the United States in the 1960s and 1970s were highly educated and skilled professionals who were able to establish successful businesses and careers.

Question 4

After analyzing a random sample of television news shows that aired in Los Angeles and Orange counties in California,researchers came to this conclusion:

Accepted Answer

The answer of After analyzing a random sample of television...

Question 5

Jim Crow laws were a form of _____ that established rigid lines between African Americans and whites,mandating unequal access to such services as public transportation,public schools,and drinking fountains.

Accepted Answer

Jim Crow laws were a form of discrimination as they mandated unequal treatment and access to services based on race.

Question 6

Joe Feagin and Karyn McKinney found that middle-class,college-educated blacks felt work stress for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Joe Feagin and Karyn McKinney's research primarily focused on the racial aspects of work stress among middle-class, college-educated blacks, such as experiencing derogatory names, unfair promotion practices, and mistrust from colleagues. Demanding job tasks, while a common source of work stress for many, is not specifically tied to the racial experiences that were the focus of their findings.

Question 7

In the United States,which group experiences racial transparency?

Accepted Answer

Whites experience racial transparency in the United States, meaning their race is often seen as the default or "normal" and they are less likely to be racially stereotyped or discriminated against based on their race. African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Asian Americans all experience varying degrees of racial prejudice and discrimination in different contexts.

Question 8

Between 1991 and 2011,the proportion of Latino/a and black students who attended schools where most of the students were minorities

Accepted Answer

The proportion of Latino/a and black students who attended schools where most of the students were minorities increased from 1991 to 2011. This trend is referred to as "resegregation" and is a result of a variety of factors, including demographic shifts and changes in school district boundary lines.

Question 9

Affirmative action is a __________ solution to institutional racism.

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action is a structural solution, meaning it seeks to address and change the systemic and institutional factors that contribute to racism and discrimination rather than solely focusing on individual actions. It aims to address inequitable opportunities and outcomes for historically marginalized groups by implementing policies and practices that create greater equity and diversity.

Question 10

What is one sociological explanation for why African Americans are overrepresented in many professional sports?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists argue that social conditions, such as limited access to education and employment opportunities, push a disproportionate number of athletically talented African Americans into sports as a means of upward mobility and success. This phenomenon is known as the "lure of the ring." There is no scientific evidence to support the notion that genetic advantages contribute to the overrepresentation of African Americans in professional sports.

Question 11

Which controversial book argued that racial and ethnic differences in intelligence were due to heredity?

Accepted Answer

The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life argued that intelligence is largely determined by genetics and that there are innate racial and ethnic differences in intelligence. This argument has been widely criticized as racist and based on flawed research.

Question 12

In the United States,the majority of public school teachers are

Accepted Answer

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, as of the 2017-2018 school year, approximately 79% of public school teachers in the United States were white. While the teaching workforce is becoming more diverse, white teachers still make up the majority.

Question 13

Research shows that,on average

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that there is a correlation between skin tone and income within the African American community, with lighter-skinned Blacks tending to earn more than their darker-skinned counterparts. This phenomenon is often referred to as "colorism" and is the result of deeply ingrained societal biases and stereotypes that associate lighter skin tones with beauty, intelligence, and competence. However, there is no evidence to suggest that skin color affects income within the white community.

Question 14

Yellow peril was a term used in the late 19th century that referred to the fear that white Americans would lose jobs to _____workers.

Accepted Answer

The term "yellow peril" referred specifically to the fear of Chinese workers taking away jobs from white Americans. It was a result of the influx of Chinese immigrants in the late 19th century who were seen as a threat to the American labor market.

Question 15

All of the following are true about institutional racism EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism is not relatively easy to eliminate, as it is deeply ingrained in social structures and systems. It requires long-term efforts and systemic change to bring about meaningful progress towards racial justice.

Question 16

The Scott Act and the Geary Act were laws barring _____ immigrants from entering the country and stripping those already here of their legal rights.

Accepted Answer

The Scott Act and the Geary Act were both aimed at Chinese immigrants, with the Scott Act specifically prohibiting Chinese laborers from re-entering the U.S. after leaving and the Geary Act requiring Chinese immigrants to carry residence permits and subjecting them to deportation and detention without habeas corpus protection.

Question 17

What is the definition of a panethnic label?

Accepted Answer

A panethnic label refers to a broad term used to refer to a variety of subgroups presumed to have something in common, such as language, culture, or history. It is not necessarily derogatory or preferred by members of an ethnic group, and it does not refer to all human beings.

Question 18

Taxi companies that claim they are protecting the safety of their drivers by designing a policy that refuses service to "dangerous" neighborhoods where the majority of residents are black may be engaging in _____ racism.

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism refers to policies and practices within institutions that may disadvantage or discriminate against certain groups. In this case, the taxi companies' policy of avoiding predominantly black neighborhoods could be seen as a form of institutional racism as it perpetuates unequal treatment and discrimination based on race.

Question 19

Although stereotyping may be a natural way to efficiently categorize information,the content of stereotypes is

Accepted Answer

The content of stereotypes is not inherent or genetically programmed, but rather learned through socialization and exposure to cultural messages and experiences. There is also no universal agreement on the content of stereotypes, as they can vary across time and between different cultural groups. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 20

In interviews with wealthy white men,Feagin and O'Brien (2003)found that some of their interviewees were very concerned about class and racial inequities and saw the need for substantial political and economic change.What separated these men from their counterparts who held more traditional and racist attitudes?

Accepted Answer

The presence of long-term friendships and regular social contact with people of color or different ethnic groups can often lead to increased awareness and concern about racial and class inequities. It allows for individuals to see firsthand how discrimination and limited opportunities can negatively impact people's lives, leading to a greater sense of empathy and understanding.

Quiz 11: The Architecture of Inequality: Race and Ethnicity