A State's Sales Tax Rate Is Currently 8 Percent

A state's sales tax rate is currently 8 percent.Peter would prefer to reduce the tax rate to 7 percent.The Republican candidate running for governor proposes cutting the tax rate to 3 percent.The Democratic candidate proposes raising the tax rate to 9 percent.Peter votes for the Democratic candidate.Peter's behavior is most consistent with which model of voting?

A) directional model
B) retrospective voting model
C) perverse voting model
D) partisan model
E) spatial model