Question 1

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking patterns or distorted perception of reality. This model suggests that abnormal behavior arises from maladaptive and irrational thought processes that lead to negative emotions and behaviors. Cognitive therapy aims to identify and change these negative thought patterns to reduce or alleviate symptoms of mental disorders.

Question 2

According to the text, the type of fear that is most likely to drive people to seek professional help is __________

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, the type of...

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true about anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Some level of anxiety is a normal response to certain situations and can be considered realistic. For example, feeling anxious before a job interview or a big exam is a common experience for many people. However, when anxiety becomes excessive, persistent, and interferes with daily functioning, it may be considered a disorder.

Question 4

According to the learning perspective, disordered behavior is a result of __________

Accepted Answer

The learning perspective suggests that disordered behavior is the result of learning processes that are identical to those that cause 'normal' behaviors, but have gone awry in some way (e.g. maladaptive learning or conditioning).

Question 5

Dr. Nevolia has a client diagnosed with a somatoform disorder. She believes her client's disorder is due to a tendency to magnify her symptoms and allow false beliefs to dominate her thinking. Dr. Nevolia is probably a __________

Accepted Answer

Dr. Nevolia's belief that the client's disorder is related to false beliefs dominating her thinking suggests a cognitive perspective. Therefore, Dr. Nevolia is likely a cognitive psychologist.

Question 6

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns, including the client's negative interpretations of life events. It is based on the idea that changing these thoughts can lead to changes in feelings and behaviors, and ultimately improve mental health. Learned behaviors (A) may be addressed in behavioral therapy, while neurotransmitter levels (B) and the state of the superego (D) are more closely related to biological and psychoanalytic theories, respectively.

Question 7

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of a set of learned responses?

Accepted Answer

The learning perspective model of abnormality posits that abnormal behavior is learned and can be unlearned through the same principles of learning. The model focuses on three types of learning: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. This perspective assumes that behaviors are rewarded or punished based on their outcomes, which leads to the repetition or cessation of those behaviors.

Question 8

Cory's therapist told him during an early session that she felt his phobia of dogs was a result of being bitten at a young age. Corey's therapist has a __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Cory's therapist has a learning perspective because she believes that his phobia of dogs was conditioned through his past experience of being bitten at a young age.

Question 9

In any given year, about __________ percent of adults suffer from a mental disorder.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 26 percent of adults suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in any given year. This statistic is widely cited in mental health research and literature, reflecting the prevalence of mental health issues in the adult population.

Question 10

Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of __________

Accepted Answer

Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of anxiety disorders.

Question 11

Your aunt has a fear that makes it difficult for her to leave her home. She feels trapped and is unable to work or engage in any kind of activity that requires going outside of her home. You are not surprised when you find out your aunt is diagnosed with __________

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest agoraphobia, a fear of situations or places where escape might be difficult, embarrassing or help might not be available. Agoraphobia often leads to avoidance of situations, making it difficult to work or engage in activities outside of the home. Trypanophobia is the fear of needles or injections, odontophobia is the fear of dental procedures, and specific phobia refers to a fear of a specific object or situation (such as a fear of spiders or heights).

Question 12

According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of __________

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective suggests that disordered behavior is a result of faulty or distorted thinking patterns, such as negative self-talk, irrational beliefs, and cognitive biases. These thinking patterns can lead individuals to engage in maladaptive behaviors, which can contribute to the development and maintenance of mental health disorders.

Question 13

Billy is seeing a therapist because he often draws and daydreams in class, resulting in poor academic performance. Billy's therapist suggests that his teacher rewards Billy's success in the classroom in hopes that it would increase his academic performance and motivate Billy to spend less time drawing in class. What is Billy's therapists' perspective?

Accepted Answer

Billy's therapist is taking a learning perspective, which focuses on modifying behavior through reinforcement and punishment. The therapist is suggesting that positive reinforcement (in the form of rewards from the teacher) will increase the likelihood of the desired behavior (less drawing and more focus on academics) occurring.

Question 14

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called __________

Accepted Answer

This description matches the definition of agoraphobia, which is the fear of being in a situation where escape may be difficult or embarrassing, or where help may not be available if needed. This fear often leads individuals to avoid situations or places, such as being in crowds or traveling on public transportation.

Question 15

To encourage healthy thinking, cognitive psychologists suggest avoiding five cognitive traps. Which of the following is NOT suggested?

Accepted Answer

Avoiding negative "should be" thinking, such as "things should always be my way," is actually not listed among the cognitive traps that cognitive psychologists suggest avoiding to encourage healthy thinking. Instead, this kind of thinking is often targeted for modification in cognitive-behavioral therapy because it can lead to frustration and disappointment, but it is not categorized as a cognitive trap to avoid in the context of the question. The other options (A, C, D) are indeed recognized as cognitive traps that can hinder healthy thinking by setting unrealistic expectations, catastrophizing, and fostering a perfectionist mindset.

Question 16

Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?

Accepted Answer

The learning perspective suggests that behaviors and emotions develop through the processes of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. Linda's fear of cats developed as a result of a specific incident (classical conditioning) where the cat's jump was paired with fear and anxiety responses. Therefore, the learning perspective offers the best explanation for Linda's fear of cats.

Question 17

Liza has an anxiety disorder. She is currently seeing a therapist who believes that anxiety disorders are a result of illogical, irrational thought processes. Liza is probably seeking treatment from a __________

Accepted Answer

Liza's therapist's belief that anxiety disorders are a result of illogical, irrational thought processes falls under the realm of cognitive psychology, which focuses on thought processes, beliefs, and attitudes as determinants of behavior. This suggests that Liza's therapist is likely a cognitive psychologist, as they believe that changing Liza's thought processes is key to managing her anxiety disorder.

Question 18

A behavioral therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the most likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapy focuses on the learned behaviors of clients, such as how they think and act, and how those behaviors can be modified to improve mental health. Therefore, a behavioral therapist would most likely focus on the learned behaviors of depression in their intervention with a depressed client. The other options (B, C, and D) are more closely related to biological and psychodynamic theories, and may not be the primary focus of a behavioral therapist.

Question 19

A typical American has __________ % of developing cancer in his/her lifetime, and __________ % chance of developing a mental disorder.

Accepted Answer

The typical American has about a 30% chance of developing cancer in his/her lifetime and about a 50% chance of developing a mental disorder. These statistics highlight the significant impact of both cancer and mental health issues on the population.

Question 20

Benny has an overwhelming fear of being in situations from which he cannot readily escape or in which there is no likely help in case a panic attack should occur. For example, Benny avoids shopping malls, movie theaters and restaurants. Benny most likely has __________

Accepted Answer

Agoraphobia is a fear of situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or in which help may not be available in the event of a panic attack. Avoiding situations such as shopping malls, movie theaters, and restaurants are common among individuals with agoraphobia. Social phobia is a fear of social situations where embarrassment or scrutiny is possible. Panic disorder involves recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. Dissociative disorder involves disruptions or breakdowns in memory, consciousness, identity, emotion, and / or perception.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders