Question 1

Charles Spearman believed that intelligence is composed of __________
A) verbal and mathematical abilities.
B) crystallized and visual-motor abilities.
C) general intelligence and specific abilities.
D) analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Charles Spearman proposed the concept of general intelligence, also known as "g factor," which is a single factor that is responsible for overall cognitive abilities, as well as specific abilities such as verbal, mathematical, and spatial abilities. Therefore, the correct choice is C - general intelligence and specific abilities. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect Spearman's view on intelligence.

Question 2

According to Spearman, intelligence is composed of a general ability that underlies all intellectual functions. This is the __________
A) a factor.
B) s factor.
C) g factor.
D) i factor.

Accepted Answer

According to Spearman's theory of intelligence, there is a general intelligence factor, or g factor, that underlies all intellectual abilities. The other choices (a, b, and d) do not accurately describe this concept.

Question 3

__________ argued that intelligence is composed of seven primary mental abilities rather than a single g factor.
A) Charles Spearman
B) Louis Thurstone
C) Howard Gardner
D) Alfred Binet

Accepted Answer

Louis Thurstone argued that intelligence should not be reduced to a single factor, but rather that it is composed of seven primary mental abilities, which he called "primary mental abilities." These abilities are verbal comprehension, verbal fluency, numerical ability, spatial visualization, inductive reasoning, memory, and perceptual speed.

Question 4

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences divides intelligence into __________ independent abilities.
A) three
B) five
C) six
D) eight

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences divides intelligence into eight independent abilities: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

Question 5

Which of these is one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
A) poetic
B) digital
C) creative
D) naturalistic

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic intelligence is one of the eight multiple intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner. It refers to the ability to understand and relate to the natural world, including plants, animals, and other living things. People with naturalistic intelligence are good with categorizing and observing patterns in nature.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's eight independent forms of intelligence?
A) componential intelligence
B) spatial intelligence
C) intrapersonal intelligence
D) naturalistic intelligence

Accepted Answer

Gardner's eight independent forms of intelligence are: spatial intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, linguistic intelligence, naturalistic intelligence, and existential intelligence. Componential intelligence is not one of Gardner's eight forms of intelligence.

Question 7

In addition to general intelligence, Charles Spearman believed that intelligence scores also reflected __________
A) specific intellectual abilities, or s factors.
B) fluid intelligence, or f factors.
C) crystallized intelligence, or c factors.
D) genetic abilities.

Accepted Answer

Charles Spearman believed that intelligence scores also reflected specific intellectual abilities, often referred to as s factors. He proposed that these specific abilities contribute to overall intelligence, along with a general intelligence factor (g).

Question 8

Which of the following is one of the seven primary mental abilities proposed by Louis Thurstone?
A) numerical ability
B) creativity
C) problem-solving ability
D) retrieval ability

Accepted Answer

Louis Thurstone proposed seven primary mental abilities: verbal comprehension, numerical ability, spatial visualization, perceptual speed, memory, inductive reasoning, and verbal fluency.

Question 9

The "Primary Mental Abilities Test," developed by Louis and Thelma Thurstone, measures __________
A) the g-factor.
B) creativity.
C) three separate aspects of intelligence.
D) seven different areas of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The "Primary Mental Abilities Test," developed by Louis and Thelma Thurstone, measures seven different areas of intelligence, including verbal comprehension, numerical ability, spatial relations, perceptual speed, word fluency, memory, and induction.

Question 10

A theory of intelligence with eight components was postulated by __________
A) Gardner.
B) Spearman.
C) Sternberg.
D) Terman.

Accepted Answer

Gardner is known for his theory of multiple intelligences, which includes eight components: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligence. Spearman proposed the concept of general intelligence or "g" and Terman is known for his work on IQ testing. Sternberg's theory includes three types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.

Question 11

Instead of looking for underlying factors of intelligence, __________ proposed there are eight independent and equally important forms of intelligence.
A) Howard Gardner
B) Robert Sternberg
C) Louis Thurstone
D) Charles Spearman

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which suggests that there are eight different types of intelligence that are independent and equally important. These include linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligence.

Question 12

The ability to adapt to the environment, learn from experience, reason effectively and overcome obstacles through thought defines __________
A) cognition.
B) consciousness.
C) intelligence.
D) awareness.

Accepted Answer

The ability to adapt to the environment, learn from experience, reason effectively and overcome obstacles through thought defines intelligence. Cognition refers to mental processes such as perception, memory, and attention. Consciousness refers to the state of being aware of one's surroundings and perceptions. Awareness is a state of being conscious or having knowledge of something.

Question 13

Which of the following was NOT included in the definition of intelligence as put forth by the American Psychological Association?
A) high creativity
B) ability to understand complex ideas
C) ability to adapt to the environment
D) ability to learn from experience

Accepted Answer

The American Psychological Association defines intelligence as "the ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought." While creativity may be a component of intelligence, it was not specifically mentioned in this definition.

Question 14

Tony was an outstanding athlete in high school. However, his grades were so poor that he eventually dropped out of school. According to Gardner, it might be argued that Tony is high in which type of intelligence?
A) interpersonal
B) spatial
C) bodily-kinesthetic
D) naturalistic

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that bodily-kinesthetic intelligence involves the ability to control one's body movements skillfully and handle objects in a coordinated way, which includes abilities relevant to athletics. Therefore, Tony's athletic ability suggests he may have a high level of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence despite his poor academic performance.

Question 15

Of the following individuals, __________ would be most likely to say that musical and athletic ability are both forms of intelligence and as such are just as important as mathematical and language abilities.
A) Louis Thurstone
B) Robert Sternberg
C) Howard Gardner
D) David Wechsler

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner developed the theory of multiple intelligences, which posits that there are different types of intelligence beyond just linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence. These types include musical, bodily-kinesthetic (athletic), and interpersonal intelligence among others. Therefore, Gardner would be most likely to value musical and athletic abilities as forms of intelligence just as much as math and language abilities.

Question 16

Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg agree to be interviewed together on the topic of intelligence. At the end of the interview, what do you conclude is their major point of agreement?
A) Heredity is the major factor determining intelligence.
B) Standardized tests do not assess the many facets of intelligence.
C) There is no correlation between intelligence quotients and academic success in grade school.
D) The concept of intelligence serves no purpose in a society in which computers are so frequently used.

Accepted Answer

Both Gardner and Sternberg agree that intelligence is not a singular entity that can be accurately measured by standardized tests. They both argue for a more comprehensive approach that recognizes the many facets of intelligence, including creativity, practical problem-solving skills, and interpersonal skills.

Question 17

The ability to understand the world, think rationally or logically, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges or problems is the psychologist's working definition of __________
A) divergent problem solving.
B) creative thinking.
C) heuristic usage.
D) intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided aligns with the concept of intelligence, which involves the ability to reason, problem-solve, and adapt to new situations. The other options (divergent problem solving, creative thinking, heuristic usage) are more specific processes or strategies that may be involved in intelligent behavior, but do not encompass the full scope of intelligence.

Question 18

Gardner and his associates are known for proposing __________
A) the generalized theory of intelligence.
B) the Triarchic theory of intelligence.
C) the theory of multiple intelligences.
D) the theory of emotional intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Gardner and his associates are known for proposing the theory of multiple intelligences, which suggests that there are several distinct types of intelligence, including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligence.

Question 19

Liza plans to study architecture in college. She is already quite skilled at drawing buildings in great detail, and can visualize and draw three-dimensional forms far better than most students her age. Howard Gardner would say Liza shows a high degree of __________
A) spatial intelligence.
B) contextual intelligence.
C) kinesthetic intelligence.
D) intrapersonal intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Liza's ability to visualize and draw three-dimensional forms indicates a high degree of spatial intelligence, which is the ability to perceive and manipulate spatial relationships.

Question 20

Which is the MOST controversial aspect of Gardner's theory?
A) his suggestion regarding ethnic variations in intellectual range
B) his suggestion that members of some racial groups are more intelligent than others
C) his view that all forms of intelligence are of equal importance
D) his suggestion that multi-lingual people are more intelligent

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that all forms of intelligence are equally important, which has been controversial because it challenges traditional views that prioritize certain types of intelligence, such as logical-mathematical and linguistic intelligence, over others.

Quiz 7: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Charles Spearman believed that intelligence is composed of __________

According to Spearman, intelligence is composed of a general ability that underlies all intellectual functions. This is the __________

__________ argued that intelligence is composed of seven primary mental abilities rather than a single g factor.

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences divides intelligence into __________ independent abilities.

Which of these is one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?

Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's eight independent forms of intelligence?

In addition to general intelligence, Charles Spearman believed that intelligence scores also reflected __________

Which of the following is one of the seven primary mental abilities proposed by Louis Thurstone?

The "Primary Mental Abilities Test," developed by Louis and Thelma Thurstone, measures __________

A theory of intelligence with eight components was postulated by __________

Instead of looking for underlying factors of intelligence, __________ proposed there are eight independent and equally important forms of intelligence.

The ability to adapt to the environment, learn from experience, reason effectively and overcome obstacles through thought defines __________

Which of the following was NOT included in the definition of intelligence as put forth by the American Psychological Association?

Tony was an outstanding athlete in high school. However, his grades were so poor that he eventually dropped out of school. According to Gardner, it might be argued that Tony is high in which type of intelligence?

Of the following individuals, __________ would be most likely to say that musical and athletic ability are both forms of intelligence and as such are just as important as mathematical and language abilities.

Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg agree to be interviewed together on the topic of intelligence. At the end of the interview, what do you conclude is their major point of agreement?

The ability to understand the world, think rationally or logically, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges or problems is the psychologist's working definition of __________

Gardner and his associates are known for proposing __________

Liza plans to study architecture in college. She is already quite skilled at drawing buildings in great detail, and can visualize and draw three-dimensional forms far better than most students her age. Howard Gardner would say Liza shows a high degree of __________

Which is the MOST controversial aspect of Gardner's theory?