Question 1

Which endocrine gland controls all of the other endocrine glands?
A) thyroid
B) adrenal
C) thymus
D) pituitary

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls the function of all the other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes hormones that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from other glands, thus regulating many important physiological processes.

Question 2

Although the EEG is able to detect electrical activity in the brain, it cannot reveal what is happening inside individual neurons. To see that activity, one would use a(n) __________
A) microelectrode.
B) functional MRI test.
C) SQUID test.
D) positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

Accepted Answer

A microelectrode is a tiny electrode that can be inserted into the brain to measure the electrical activity of individual neurons. This is the only option given that is capable of detecting activity at the level of individual neurons. The other options are imaging techniques that provide different types of information about brain activity but do not directly measure electrical activity in neurons.

Question 3

Ali is in the hospital about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves taking many X-rays from different angles aided by the use of a computer. What type of imaging technique is being used?
A) electroencephalography (EEG)
B) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C) positron-emission tomography (PET)
D) computerized axial tomography (CT)

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the technique of computerized axial tomography (CT), which involves taking X-ray images from multiple angles using a computer to create a detailed image of the brain. EEG measures electrical activity in the brain, MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create images, and PET measures metabolic activity in the brain.

Question 4

Which of the following is a hormone that is secreted by the pancreas?
A) glucagon
B) thyroxine
C) human growth hormone
D) parathormone

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is a hormone that is secreted by the pancreas. Thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid gland, human growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland, and parathormone is secreted by the parathyroid gland.

Question 5

Which of the following is a brain-imaging method in which radioactive tracers are injected into the subject and a computer compiles an image of brain activity?
A) electroencephalography (EEG)
B) computerized axial tomography (CT)
C) positron-emission tomography (PET)
D) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Accepted Answer

Positron-emission tomography (PET) is a brain-imaging method in which radioactive tracers are injected into the subject and a computer compiles an image of brain activity.

Question 6

Which equipment is used to monitor brain waves?
A) CT scans
B) functional magnetic resonance imaging
C) microelectrode
D) electroencephalogram

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the equipment used to monitor brain waves by placing electrodes on the scalp. CT scans and functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) are structural imaging techniques used to capture images of the brain. Microelectrodes are used to record single neuron activity in the brain.

Question 7

Alisa is directed by her neurologist to have a test that will measure the magnetic fields created by the electricity of the neurons in her brain. Which of the following tests will Alisa be most likely to have?
A) MRI
B) SQUID
C) fMRI
D) PET scan

Accepted Answer

Alisa is most likely to have a SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) test which is used to measure the magnetic fields created by the electricity of the neurons in the brain. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) uses radio waves and a magnetic field to create images of the brain's structure, fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) shows the brain's activity by measuring changes in blood flow, and PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scans involve injecting a radioactive tracer to measure metabolic activity in the brain. None of these tests specifically measure the magnetic fields created by neurons.

Question 8

Hormones are__________
A) the female gonads.
B) chemicals released into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands.
C) chemicals found in the synaptic vesicles, which when released have an effect on the next cell.
D) the male gonads

Accepted Answer

Hormones are chemical messengers released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands and transported to target cells throughout the body to regulate various physiological processes. They are not female or male gonads or found in synaptic vesicles.

Question 9

In the 1990s, the brain imaging technique called __________ became available, offering significant advantages over the PET scan. Which technique was it?
A) CT scan
B) SQUID
C) fMRI
D) MRI

Accepted Answer

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) became available in the 1990s and offered significant advantages over the PET scan in terms of its ability to provide higher resolution images without the need for injection of radioactive substances.

Question 10

Libby's physician refers her to a medical center in order to have the biochemical activity in her brain analyzed. She is given an injection of a radioactive substance and then is told to lie down with her head in a scanner. The technique being used is __________
A) positron-emission tomography.
B) functional magnetic resonance imaging.
C) microelectrode recording.
D) an electroencephalogram.

Accepted Answer

The injection of a radioactive substance and use of a scanner to analyze brain activity is characteristic of positron-emission tomography. Option B, functional magnetic resonance imaging, does not typically involve the use of a radioactive substance. Option C, microelectrode recording, involves using electrodes to detect electrical activity within the brain, while option D, an electroencephalogram, involves placing electrodes on the scalp to measure electrical activity in the brain. Neither of these techniques involve the use of a radioactive substance or a special scanner.

Question 11

Which of the following is a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain?
A) deep lesioning
B) ESB
C) EEG
D) CT scan

Accepted Answer

EEG (electroencephalogram) is a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain. A is incorrect because deep lesioning refers to the process of selectively damaging small areas of the brain in order to study the effects on behavior. B is incorrect because ESB (electrical stimulation of the brain) involves sending electrical currents through the brain to activate or inhibit neural activity. D is incorrect because CT scans (computed tomography scans) use X-rays to produce images of the brain's structure, rather than measuring electrical activity.

Question 12

Which of the following medical complaints could not be investigated using an EEG machine?
A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Crohn's disease
C) schizophrenia
D) learning disabilities

Accepted Answer

An EEG machine measures the electrical activity in the brain and is mainly used to investigate neurological and psychiatric disorders. Crohn's disease is a gastrointestinal disorder and is not related to brain activity, so an EEG machine would not be appropriate for investigating it.

Question 13

Endocrine glands __________
A) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
B) are chemicals released into the bloodstream.
C) are an extensive network of specialized cells.
D) are a thin layer of cells coating the axons.

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions.

Question 14

Jamal goes to an endocrinologist to find out why he is having difficulty with the calcium levels in his blood. After the testing is completed, which of the following glands is the doctor most likely to diagnose with a problem?
A) adrenal
B) pituitary
C) parathyroid
D) thyroid

Accepted Answer

The parathyroid gland is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. If there is a problem with the parathyroid gland, it can lead to difficulty with calcium regulation. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, the pituitary gland regulates various hormones in the body, and the thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism. While all of these glands are important and play a role in overall health, they are not specifically related to calcium regulation like the parathyroid gland.

Question 15

Tim is overweight. His physician has decided to test him to see if there is a problem with the regulation of his metabolism. Which endocrine gland will be the focus of diagnostic testing?
A) adrenal
B) thymus
C) thyroid
D) pancreas

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland plays a key role in regulating metabolism, so if there is a problem with metabolism regulation, the thyroid gland would be the focus of diagnostic testing. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline in response to stress, but would not necessarily be specifically tested in this scenario. The thymus gland is primarily involved in the development of the immune system and would not be relevant to metabolism regulation testing. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin to regulate blood sugar levels and may be tested in cases of diabetes, but would not necessarily be the focus of testing for metabolism regulation.

Question 16

The __________ is controlled directly by the hypothalamus and, through the release of hormones, serves to activate all of the other glands in the endocrine system.
A) thyroid gland
B) thymus gland
C) pituitary gland
D) parathyroid gland

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it is controlled directly by the hypothalamus and releases hormones that activate all of the other glands in the endocrine system. The thyroid gland regulates metabolism, the thymus gland plays a role in immune system function, and the parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels in the body, but they are not directly controlled by the hypothalamus or responsible for activating other glands in the endocrine system.

Question 17

A brain-imaging method that takes computer-controlled X-rays of the brain is called __________
A) electroencephalography (EEG).
B) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
C) positron emission tomography (PET).
D) computerized axial tomography (CT).

Accepted Answer

Computerized axial tomography (CT), also known as computed tomography (CT) scan, takes computer-controlled X-rays of the brain to create detailed 3D images of the brain's internal structure. It is often used to diagnose traumatic brain injury, stroke, tumors, and other brain-related disorders.

Question 18

Denise just received the results of a complete physical that found her body is not producing enough insulin. Which of the following endocrine glands is affecting her body's ability to produce insulin?
A) adrenal
B) thymus
C) thyroid
D) pancreas

Accepted Answer

The pancreas is the gland responsible for producing insulin. A decrease in insulin production can lead to diabetes, which may lead to a wide range of complications.

Question 19

Hormones are chemicals that are secreted and go directly into __________
A) the bloodstream.
B) specific organs.
C) nerve endings.
D) the brain.

Accepted Answer

Hormones are produced and secreted by endocrine glands and are transported through the bloodstream to various organs and tissues throughout the body.

Question 20

The fMRI has several important advantages over the PET scan. Which of the following is not one of those advantages?
A) it can provide images of both brain structures and brain activities
B) it requires no injections of radioactive tracers
C) it can identify locations of activity with greater precision than a PET scan
D) It can detect changes in under 5 minutes, versus the 20 minutes required by a PET scan

Accepted Answer

All of the options except for D are advantages of fMRI compared to PET scans. D is incorrect, because fMRI takes longer than 5 minutes to detect changes (usually around 2-3 seconds).

Quiz 2: Biology and Behavior

Which endocrine gland controls all of the other endocrine glands?

Although the EEG is able to detect electrical activity in the brain, it cannot reveal what is happening inside individual neurons. To see that activity, one would use a(n) __________

Ali is in the hospital about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves taking many X-rays from different angles aided by the use of a computer. What type of imaging technique is being used?

Which of the following is a hormone that is secreted by the pancreas?

Which of the following is a brain-imaging method in which radioactive tracers are injected into the subject and a computer compiles an image of brain activity?

Which equipment is used to monitor brain waves?

Alisa is directed by her neurologist to have a test that will measure the magnetic fields created by the electricity of the neurons in her brain. Which of the following tests will Alisa be most likely to have?

Hormones are__________

In the 1990s, the brain imaging technique called __________ became available, offering significant advantages over the PET scan. Which technique was it?

Libby's physician refers her to a medical center in order to have the biochemical activity in her brain analyzed. She is given an injection of a radioactive substance and then is told to lie down with her head in a scanner. The technique being used is __________

Which of the following is a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain?

Which of the following medical complaints could not be investigated using an EEG machine?

Endocrine glands __________

Jamal goes to an endocrinologist to find out why he is having difficulty with the calcium levels in his blood. After the testing is completed, which of the following glands is the doctor most likely to diagnose with a problem?

Tim is overweight. His physician has decided to test him to see if there is a problem with the regulation of his metabolism. Which endocrine gland will be the focus of diagnostic testing?

The __________ is controlled directly by the hypothalamus and, through the release of hormones, serves to activate all of the other glands in the endocrine system.

A brain-imaging method that takes computer-controlled X-rays of the brain is called __________

Denise just received the results of a complete physical that found her body is not producing enough insulin. Which of the following endocrine glands is affecting her body's ability to produce insulin?

Hormones are chemicals that are secreted and go directly into __________

The fMRI has several important advantages over the PET scan. Which of the following is not one of those advantages?