Question 1

Centralized bargaining often makes negotiations go more smoothly because
A)of its greater involvement of local union representatives.
B)of the larger number of people involved.
C)it is conducted in convenient locations readily accessible to all participants.
D)of its use of more experienced and highly skilled negotiators.
E)of its greater speed.

Accepted Answer

Centralized bargaining allows for the use of more experienced and highly skilled negotiators, which can lead to smoother negotiations. This is because the negotiators are often able to anticipate potential issues and address them before they become major roadblocks. Additionally, these negotiators may have established relationships or prior experience working together, leading to a more collaborative and productive bargaining process.

Question 2

Which of the following is not an approach used to conflict resolution in collective bargaining?
A)integrative bargaining
B)principled bargaining
C)objective bargaining
D)mutual gains/interest- based bargaining
E)distributive bargaining

Accepted Answer

Objective bargaining is not a commonly used approach to conflict resolution in collective bargaining. The other options (integrative bargaining, principled bargaining, mutual gains/interest-based bargaining, and distributive bargaining) are all frequently used approaches in collective bargaining.

Question 3

What's the best explanation of why bargaining power shifted markedly toward workers and unions during World War II?
A)patriotic fervour on the part of employers
B)sympathetic government policy
C)Mackenzie King's sudden conversion to socialism
D)a shortage of workers
E)increased female participation in the labour force

Accepted Answer

The shortage of workers during World War II gave workers and unions more bargaining power as employers had to compete for a limited pool of labor.

Question 4

Distributive bargaining is best described as a approach.
A)collaborative
B)honest
C)Integrative
D)competitive
E)principled

Accepted Answer

Distributive bargaining is a competitive approach where each party tries to maximize their own gain or benefit. It is often referred to as "win-lose" negotiation because one party's gain is seen as the other party's loss.

Question 5

For a management team preparing for negotiation,the overall objectives of preparation do not include
A)obtaining a thorough knowledge of general economic environments.
B)obtaining a thorough knowledge of workers' attitudes.
C)obtaining a thorough knowledge of general political environments.
D)obtaining a thorough knowledge of specific political environments.
E)meeting as many of the needs of employees as possible.

Accepted Answer

While meeting the needs of employees is an important consideration during negotiation preparation, it is not the overall objective. The overall objectives usually involve gathering information and developing strategies related to the economic and political environments in which the negotiation will take place, as well as the specific issues to be discussed. Understanding workers' attitudes may also be valuable, but it is not the primary objective.

Question 6

The shared understandings around expected levels of trust,information sharing and mutual commitment between the parties best describes
A)objective goals.
B)interaction systems.
C)social contract outcomes.
D)substantive goals.
E)a mixed strategy.

Accepted Answer

The shared understandings around expected levels of trust, information sharing and mutual commitment between the parties refer to a social contract. Social contract outcomes reflect the expectations that the parties have of each other, and how they will behave towards each other.

Question 7

In which of the following industries has pattern bargaining survived more or less intact?
A)auto
B)trucking
C)meatpacking
D)rubber
E)pulp and paper

Accepted Answer

Pattern bargaining has survived more or less intact in the auto industry, where negotiations with one major company set the pattern for others.

Question 8

All but which one of the following have been associated with decentralized bargaining structures?
A)greater union/non- union wage differentials
B)increased use of two- tier wage schemes
C)higher strike rates internationally)
D)lower inflation
E)greater wage dispersion overall

Accepted Answer

Decentralized bargaining structures are typically associated with greater wage dispersion, union/non-union wage differentials, two-tier wage schemes, and higher strike rates, but not necessarily with lower inflation.

Question 9

For a union team preparing for negotiation,the overall objectives of preparation do not include
A)obtaining a thorough knowledge of general economic environments.
B)obtaining a thorough knowledge of specific political environments.
C)obtaining a thorough knowledge of workers' attitudes.
D)obtaining a thorough knowledge of specific economic environments.
E)obtaining a thorough knowledge of general political environments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For a union team preparing for negotiation,the...

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why unions' preparation for bargaining tends to be a longer and more complex process than that of management organizations?
A)Union officials are poorer researchers than their management counterparts.
B)Union officials enjoy holding frequent membership meetings.
C)Unions,as political organizations,must at least be perceived as addressing the needs of all major constituencies within the organization.
D)Union officials lack training in economics and finance.
E)There is a paralysis of will within the labour movement.

Accepted Answer

Unions must represent the interests of all members, including different constituencies with diverse needs and priorities, making the bargaining preparation process more complex and time-consuming.

Question 11

The strategic approach of forcing change focuses on
A)integrative bargaining with attitudinal structuring emphasizing trust.bargaining with attitudinal structuring emphasizing trust.
B)intra- organizational bargaining building internal solidarity.
C)systematically increasing investments in non- union locations.
D)sequentially mixing integrative bargaining with distributive bargaining.
E)distributive bargaining and attitudinal structuring emphasizing hostility.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The strategic approach of forcing change focuses...

Question 12

The strategic approach of escaping change may focus on
A)intra- organizational bargaining building internal solidarity.
B)distributive bargaining and attitudinal structuring emphasizing hostility.
C)systematically increasing investments in non- union locations.
D)sequentially mixing integrative bargaining with distributive bargaining.
E)integrative bargaining with attitudinal structuring emphasizing trust.bargaining with attitudinal structuring emphasizing trust.

Accepted Answer

The strategic approach of escaping change may focus on systematically increasing investments in non-union locations. This approach involves avoiding change by shifting operations to non-union locations, where the labor force is less likely to demand change or engage in disruptive actions such as strikes. By investing in non-union locations, the organization can avoid dealing with unions altogether and reduce the risk of change-related disruptions. This approach does not involve intra-organizational bargaining, attitudinal structuring, or integrative bargaining.

Question 13

All but which one of the following has been identified as a cause of Canada's relatively decentralized bargaining structure?
A)labour boards' desire to facilitate unionization wherever employees wish it
B)labour boards' desire to promote harmonious bargaining relations between the parties
C)provincial jurisdiction over most labour legislation
D)labour boards' emphasis on "community of interest" in determining appropriate bargaining units
E)the attitude of many employers toward broader- based bargaining

Accepted Answer

Labour boards' desire to promote harmonious bargaining relations between the parties is not identified as a cause of Canada's decentralized bargaining structure. The other options relate more directly to structural and jurisdictional factors influencing decentralization.

Question 14

Rushing the negotiating process by skipping one or more of the four stages may well result in all but which one of the following?
A)increased resistance from the other side
B)rejection of the tentative agreement by one's constituents
C)a quicker or perhaps even superior agreement
D)failure to learn the other side's true bottom line
E)increased intraorganizational conflict

Accepted Answer

Skipping stages in the negotiation process typically leads to increased resistance, rejection by constituents, failure to understand the other party's true position, and increased conflict within an organization. However, it is unlikely to result in a quicker or superior agreement, as thorough negotiation tends to yield better outcomes.

Question 15

During World War II,the government tried to mitigate the shift in bargaining power by all but which of the following?
A)imposing wage controls
B)limiting the rights of employees to shift jobs
C)imposing price controls
D)limiting the rights of employees to quit
E)freezing workers in essential employment

Accepted Answer

Imposing price controls was a measure aimed at controlling inflation and stabilizing the economy during World War II, rather than directly addressing the shift in bargaining power between employers and employees.

Question 16

A settlement zone is
A)the room to which exhausted negotiators can go to recover.
B)the room in which final terms for collective agreements are negotiated.
C)the area of intersection between the union and management teams' bottom lines.
D)a piece of land where workers displaced by the collective agreement can set up huts in protest against the agreement.
E)a neutral territory in the hotel in which negotiations are being conducted,and where neither side is allowed to talk about negotiations.

Accepted Answer

A settlement zone is the area of intersection between the union and management teams' bottom lines, where both sides can come together to negotiate a mutually acceptable agreement. It is the point at which both sides compromise and reach an agreement that satisfies their interests.

Question 17

At the simplest level,the term "bargaining structure" refers to
A)who bargains with whom.
B)the type of building in which negotiations are held.
C)the seating pattern for negotiations.
D)the format of the collective agreement which the parties eventually sign.
E)the type of table around which negotiations are conducted.

Accepted Answer

Bargaining structure refers to the parties involved in negotiations, i.e. who bargains with whom. It is the framework within which collective bargaining takes place. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. The other options listed are not intrinsic components of bargaining structure.

Question 18

Environmental factors influencing bargaining outcomes do not include
A)current economic situation
B)legislation prohibiting replacement workers
C)hostile public opinion
D)sympathetic public opinion
E)the weather

Accepted Answer

The weather is not an environmental factor that significantly influences bargaining outcomes. The other options are all factors that can have a significant impact on bargaining outcomes.

Question 19

Collective bargaining can best be defined as
A)the terms and conditions of employment unilaterally established by unions.
B)the negotiation process through which the terms and conditions of employment for non- unionized workers are determined.
C)the negotiation process through which the terms and conditions of employment for unionized workers are determined.
D)the terms and conditions of employment established by employers.
E)the terms and conditions of employment jointly established by employers and workers.

Accepted Answer

Collective bargaining is the negotiation process through which the terms and conditions of employment for unionized workers are determined. It involves representatives of the union and the employer coming together to negotiate agreements on wages, benefits, working hours, and other employment issues that will apply to the workers covered by the union contract. Collective bargaining is a key mechanism for maintaining a balance of power between workers and employers and ensuring that workers have a say in the terms of their employment.

Question 20

One way around some of the representational problems raised by centralized bargaining systems is
A)two- tier or multi- tier bargaining systems.
B)voluntary arbitration.
C)single- team bargaining.
D)mediation.
E)binding arbitration.

Accepted Answer

Two- tier or multi- tier bargaining systems involve decentralized bargaining by allowing separate negotiations between a company and its individual departments or units. This allows for a more tailored and specific approach to negotiations, creating a better representation of the needs of smaller groups within the organization. This can alleviate some of the representational problems that arise in centralized bargaining systems.

Quiz 9: The Process of Negotiation

Centralized bargaining often makes negotiations go more smoothly because

Which of the following is not an approach used to conflict resolution in collective bargaining?

What's the best explanation of why bargaining power shifted markedly toward workers and unions during World War II?

Distributive bargaining is best described as a approach.

For a management team preparing for negotiation,the overall objectives of preparation do not include

The shared understandings around expected levels of trust,information sharing and mutual commitment between the parties best describes

In which of the following industries has pattern bargaining survived more or less intact?

All but which one of the following have been associated with decentralized bargaining structures?

For a union team preparing for negotiation,the overall objectives of preparation do not include

Which of the following best explains why unions' preparation for bargaining tends to be a longer and more complex process than that of management organizations?

The strategic approach of forcing change focuses on

The strategic approach of escaping change may focus on

All but which one of the following has been identified as a cause of Canada's relatively decentralized bargaining structure?

Rushing the negotiating process by skipping one or more of the four stages may well result in all but which one of the following?

During World War II,the government tried to mitigate the shift in bargaining power by all but which of the following?

A settlement zone is

At the simplest level,the term "bargaining structure" refers to

Environmental factors influencing bargaining outcomes do not include

Collective bargaining can best be defined as

One way around some of the representational problems raised by centralized bargaining systems is