Question 1

For each woman who dies during childbirth,another twenty survive but suffer from pregnancy-related disabilities.One of these conditions,obstetric fistula,is currently the focus of advocacy efforts.Describe this condition in detail,and discuss both its causes and its symptoms.Finally,identify the treatment options for obstetric fistula (including any preventive measures that can be taken).

Accepted Answer

Students should thoroughly describe both the causes and the symptoms of obstetric fistula.Treatment options/preventive measures should also be identified and briefly discussed (answers will vary).

Question 2

________ refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for nonmedical reasons.

Accepted Answer

All terms refer to the practice of altering or injuring the female genitalia for non-medical reasons, though they vary in connotation and usage.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the Roman Catholic Church is false?

Accepted Answer

The Roman Catholic Church is officially opposed to artificial means of birth control, but it does not oppose all forms of birth control. For example, it supports natural family planning methods.

Question 4

________ refers to the death of a woman while pregnant or within forty-two days of termination of pregnancy from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management.

Accepted Answer

Maternal mortality refers to the death of a woman during or within 42 days of pregnancy or termination of pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management. This is different from maternal morbidity, which refers to the health problems that arise due to pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum period but do not result in the death of the woman. Paternal mortality refers to the death of the father of the child, and obstetric morbidity refers to the health problems that arise during pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum period, for both the mother and the child.

Question 5

Countries with antinatalist policies tend to provide a large range of contraceptive options,but they emphasize those that are low in risk and high in effectiveness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Countries with antinatalist policies tend to provide...

Question 6

In the context of the types of female genital mutilation and female genital cutting,partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora,with or without excision of the labia majora,is known as:

Accepted Answer

Excision refers to the partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without the excision of the labia majora. This definition aligns with the practices described in the question.

Question 7

Despite women's activism,the number of countries outlawing abortion has increased dramatically in the last twenty years.

Accepted Answer

The global trend has been towards liberalizing abortion laws, with more countries expanding access to abortion services rather than increasing restrictions.

Question 8

Coercive antinatalism occurs when a government is concerned about overpopulation and enacts strict policies to discourage childbearing.

Accepted Answer

Coercive antinatalism is a government policy aimed at reducing population growth rates by limiting the number of children a family can have or by penalizing those who have more than the allowed number. This is done to address concerns about overpopulation and its implications for resources and the environment.

Question 9

Intrauterine devices (IUDs)are the most widely used form of reversible birth control in the world.Identify a true statement about IUDs.

Accepted Answer

IUDs can cause side effects such as bleeding and infection, but they are highly effective at preventing pregnancy and do not provide STI protection. Some types release hormones, but they are not described as coming from "match-size capsules."

Question 10

________ occurs when tissues between the vaginal wall and the bladder or rectum are torn during childbirth.This condition can result in ulceration,infections,and incontinence.

Accepted Answer

Obstetric fistula occurs when tissues between the vaginal wall and the bladder or rectum are torn during childbirth.This condition can result in ulceration, infections, and incontinence. Uterine prolapse is a different condition where the uterus drops into the vaginal canal. Anemic prolapse is not a medical term. Female genital cutting is a harmful practice that involves partial or total removal of external female genitalia, but it does not directly cause obstetric fistula.

Question 11

Globally,reproductive health conditions are the third leading cause of death and illness among women of childbearing age.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Globally,reproductive health conditions are the third leading...

Question 12

In comparison to their more economically robust counterparts,developing countries have low standards of living and high poverty rates.Perhaps,developing nations also have higher maternal mortality rates.________ percent of maternal deaths occur in such countries.

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 99 percent of maternal deaths occur in developing countries. This is due to limited access to healthcare facilities and resources, as well as inadequate education about maternal health and childbirth.

Question 13

The textbook identifies five general types of birth control (behavioral methods,barrier methods,hormonal methods,intrauterine devices,and permanent methods).Keeping in mind that an individual's sexual partner(s)can influence both whether or not and how contraception is used,discuss the potential risks and benefits of each of these methods.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The textbook identifies five general types of...

Question 14

Describe both the short-term and the long-term consequences of female genital cutting.What are some of the steps being taken to eliminate this practice worldwide,and why is cultural sensitivity so important when initiating such efforts?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe both the short-term and the long-term...

Question 15

Uterine prolapse is usually a condition suffered by older women.

Accepted Answer

Uterine prolapse is more commonly seen in post-menopausal women or women who have given birth multiple times. It occurs when the uterus droops or slips into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic muscles and ligaments.

Question 16

Narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal formed by cutting and stitching the labia minora or labia majora,with or without clitoridectomy,is known as infibulation.

Accepted Answer

Infibulation is a type of female genital mutilation where the vaginal opening is narrowed by cutting and stitching the labia minora or labia majora, and sometimes the clitoris is also removed.

Question 17

Countries with coercive pronatalist policies attempt to increase birth rates by reducing or banning contraception and abortion (and/or by providing government benefits based on family size).These policies are often enacted with the hope of ________.

Accepted Answer

Coercive pronatalist policies are aimed at increasing the birth rate, which in turn leads to an increase in the workforce. The government benefits based on family size encourage people to have more children, which helps in increasing the working population. Decreasing the workforce, increasing the number of females available for marriage, or replacing citizens who have immigrated to other countries are not the goals of coercive pronatalist policies.

Question 18

Collectively,the right to reproductive health care and the right to reproductive self-determination are referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

The two rights mentioned in the question are commonly referred to as reproductive rights.

Quiz 3: Reproductive Health and Reproductive Rights