Question 1

The Canadian Institute for Health Information recommends an ecological approach to mental health promotion, encouraging government to
A) address a broad range of risk factors.
B) circumvent the most well-established risk factors.
C) implement strategies at individual, community and societal levels.
D) implement strategies at the ecological level of analysis.
E) treat mental health promotion as a non-reducible ecological system.

Accepted Answer

The Canadian Institute for Health Information recommends an ecological approach to mental health promotion, which involves implementing strategies at multiple levels, including individual, community, and societal levels. This approach is designed to address a broad range of risk factors, which makes choice A correct. Choice B is incorrect because the approach does not aim to circumvent well-established risk factors. Choice D is partially correct because the approach does involve strategies at the ecological level of analysis, but it also includes individual, community, and societal levels. Choice E is incorrect because the approach does aim to reduce risk factors through a comprehensive and multi-level approach.

Question 2

In developing a disease prevention program, researchers working from a Public Health approach tend to focus on three components of the disease: characteristics of the __________, characteristics of the __________ and finally, the __________, or manner by which the disease is transmitted.
A) host; environment; agent
B) germ; environment; agent
C) pathogen; environment; agent
D) host; mechanism; acquisition process
E) germ; environment; pathogenesis

Accepted Answer

The three components that Public Health researchers focus on when developing a disease prevention program are the characteristics of the host (i.e. the person or animal that can get the disease), the characteristics of the environment (i.e. the physical and social setting in which the host and pathogen interact), and the characteristics of the agent (i.e. the microbe, parasite, or other cause of the disease). This approach is known as the "epidemiological triad" or the "host-environment-agent model." Choice A correctly identifies these three components. Choice B is incorrect because "germ" is too narrow a term to encompass all possible disease-causing agents. Choice C is close, but "pathogen" refers specifically to infectious agents and may not include non-infectious causes of disease. Choice D and E are both incorrect because they omit the crucial component of the disease agent.

Question 3

Reducing stressors while preparing individuals to better cope with stressors is the focus of
A) clinical prevention.
B) health psychology.
C) public health promotion.
D) community intervention.
E) tertiary prevention.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

The public health approach is characterized by all of the following steps EXCEPT
A) identifying the disease and developing a reliable method of diagnosis.
B) developing prevention programs.
C) researchers tend to focus on the person, the environment, and the agent.
D) encouraging effective coping strategies.
E) developing a theory of the course of development taken by the disease.

Accepted Answer

The public health approach is characterized by identifying the disease and developing a reliable method of diagnosis, developing prevention programs, researchers tend to focus on the person, the environment, and the agent, and developing a theory of the course of development taken by the disease. However, encouraging effective coping strategies is not a step in the public health approach.

Question 5

All of the following are considered central mechanisms that can help people cope with adversity EXCEPT
A) promoting aerobic exercise as a means of dealing with stress.
B) creating opportunities for personal growth.
C) enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy.
D) reducing the impact of risks.
E) helping individuals deal with stressful life events.

Accepted Answer

The other options (B, C, D, and E) all involve ways in which individuals can actively respond to and cope with adversity. Option A, promoting aerobic exercise, is not considered a central mechanism for coping with adversity. While exercise can be a helpful tool for reducing stress and improving overall mental and physical health, it is not typically considered a central component of coping strategies.

Question 6

All of the following distinguish community psychology from clinical psychology EXCEPT
A) community psychologists stress the interdependence of the individual, family, and community.
B) community psychology takes an ecological approach.
C) community psychologists focus on treating groups rather than individuals.
D) community psychologists encourage the use of social support groups.
E) community psychology focuses on prevention.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. While community psychology does focus on understanding and addressing social and environmental factors that affect groups and communities, individual interventions are also an important aspect of the field.

Question 7

The more general risk factors for poor mental health that __________ an individual has, the more an individual is to disorder.
A) handicapped
B) resilient
C) affected
D) protected
E) vulnerable

Accepted Answer

The word "vulnerable" means susceptible to being harmed or influenced. In the given sentence, it is mentioned that the more general risk factors for poor mental health an individual has, the more likely they are to have a disorder. Hence, the word "vulnerable" fits best in this context as it implies susceptibility to poor mental health.

Question 8

Katie's high school is involved in a special program designed to encourage the students to practice safe sex so as to reduce the likelihood of pregnancy and STIs. This program is an example of
A) a high-risk prevention program.
B) a universal prevention program.
C) a psychological secondary prevention program.
D) a biological primary prevention program.
E) an indicated high-risk program.

Accepted Answer

The program is aimed at all students in the high school, regardless of individual risk factors, and is designed to prevent negative outcomes (pregnancy and STIs) before they occur. Therefore, it is an example of a universal prevention program.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?
A) At this point, we know what specific risk factors are linked to specific disorders.
B) At this point, we know what specific protective factors reduce specific disorders.
C) At this point, we still know extremely little about risk and protective factors for psychopathology.
D) At this point, it is difficult to connect specific risk factors and protective factors with specific forms of abnormal behaviour.
E) At this point, we know much more about resilience factors than we do about protective factors.

Accepted Answer

While research has provided some knowledge on risk and protective factors for psychopathology, it is still difficult to connect specific factors with specific forms of abnormal behavior due to the complex and multifaceted nature of mental disorders.

Question 10

What is resilience?
A) the process by which parents and the community enhance "grit" in children.
B) flexibility in one's approach to solving problems.
C) the process of persisting at difficult tasks until they are done.
D) the process of protecting oneself from risk factors.
E) the process of positive adaptation to significant adversity through the interaction of risk and protective factors.

Accepted Answer

Resilience is the process of positive adaptation in the face of significant adversity. It involves the interaction of both risk and protective factors. It is not just about persisting at difficult tasks or protecting oneself from risk factors, but also about the ability to adapt positively to challenging circumstances. It is also different from simply having "grit" or being flexible in problem-solving, although those traits may contribute to resilience.

Question 11

Which of the following is a personal characteristic that has often been associated with personal resilience?
A) a rational way of thinking.
B) an internal locus of control.
C) agreeableness.
D) introversion.
E) extraversion.

Accepted Answer

An internal locus of control, or the belief that one can control their own outcomes and experiences, has consistently been associated with personal resilience.

Question 12

Well-being tends to be the focus of mental health
A) primary prevention.
B) intervention.
C) prevention.
D) tertiary prevention.
E) promotion.

Accepted Answer

Well-being is the focus of mental health promotion, which aims to increase people's awareness and understanding of mental health and well-being, and encourages them to adopt healthy habits and lifestyles that can help prevent mental health problems. While primary prevention focuses on preventing mental health problems before they occur, and intervention and tertiary prevention focus on treating and managing existing mental health problems, promotion focuses on promoting and enhancing mental health and well-being.

Question 13

Primary prevention programs seek to __________, secondary prevention programs aim to __________ and tertiary programs aim to __________.
A) eliminate disorders; reduce the associated harms; limit the duration of disorders
B) reduce incidence of disorder; limit duration of a disorder; reduce disability resulting from an established disorder
C) limit exposure to disorder; block the mechanism of a disorder; limit the severity of a disorder that has occurred
D) prevent entry of a pathogen into the country; limit population exposure; limit the transmission of a disorder
E) reduce incidence; limit severity; limit duration

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention programs aim to reduce the incidence of a disorder by addressing risk factors before the disorder occurs. Secondary prevention programs aim to limit the duration of a disorder or reduce disability resulting from an established disorder. Tertiary programs aim to limit the severity of a disorder that has occurred, often through rehabilitation or palliative care.

Question 14

Community psychology had its roots in
A) clinical psychology.
B) sociological medicine.
C) organizational psychology.
D) anthropology.
E) ecological perspective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Community psychology had its roots in
A) clinical...

Question 15

Community psychology is necessary for prevention for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A) No treatment will be 100% effective.
B) There are not enough trained professionals to treat all of those who need it.
C) Treatment services have not reduced rates of disease in the population.
D) For health in general, treatment services have not been effective in reducing rates of disease in a population.
E) Group therapy has been shown to be more effective than individual therapy.

Accepted Answer

The statement "Group therapy has been shown to be more effective than individual therapy" is not a valid reason why community psychology is necessary for prevention. The other options all present valid reasons for the importance of prevention through community psychology.

Question 16

The local high school has a program that attempts to provide teens with strategies to cope with peer pressures to drink and use drugs. This approach would be characteristic of
A) campaigning.
B) public health approach.
C) drug education.
D) secondary prevention.
E) tertiary prevention.

Accepted Answer

This program is attempting to prevent substance use by providing strategies to cope with peer pressures. This fits within the public health approach, which focuses on preventing problems before they occur rather than just treating them after they happen. The other options (campaigning, drug education, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention) may also involve prevention efforts, but they don't necessarily focus on providing coping strategies to prevent substance use.

Question 17

Prevention programs that target participants on the basis of known risk factors for certain mental health problems (which can be "internal" or external to the participant) are called
A) secondary, or indicated prevention programs.
B) selective prevention programs.
C) mental health promotion programs.
D) early intervention programs.
E) universal programs.

Accepted Answer

Selective prevention programs target individuals who have identified risk factors that place them at higher risk for developing certain mental health problems. This approach allows for more targeted and efficient prevention efforts, as resources can be focused on those who are most vulnerable.

Question 18

The four key characteristics of mental health promotion, identified by Cowen (1996) are:
A) proactive; population-focused; multi-dimensional; ongoing
B) reactive; targeted; multi-dimensional; ongoing
C) proactive; targeted; focused; ongoing
D) reactive; population focused; focused; ongoing
E) proactive; population-focus; bi-dimensional; appropriately timed

Accepted Answer

Cowen identified four key characteristics of mental health promotion: it is proactive, population-focused, multi-dimensional, and ongoing. Proactive means taking action before problems occur, and population-focused means targeting a whole community, not just individuals. Multi-dimensional refers to addressing multiple factors that contribute to mental health, and ongoing means that efforts should be continuous rather than one-time interventions.

Question 19

According to the ecological perspective, mental health problems can be viewed as having
A) singular etiologies.
B) multiple levels of analysis.
C) a concern with treating the individual.
D) impetus from the disease model.
E) an environmental explanation.

Accepted Answer

The ecological perspective emphasizes the need to consider multiple levels of analysis, including individual, social, and environmental factors, in understanding mental health problems. It does not view mental health problems as having singular etiologies or only concern with treating the individual. It also challenges the disease model by emphasizing the role of environmental factors in the development and maintenance of mental health problems.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a protective factor for mental health?
A) positive role models
B) aspirations and planning for the future
C) parental monitoring
D) attractiveness to peers and adults
E) education at a private school

Accepted Answer

While education is generally beneficial for mental health, attending a private school is not universally protective and can even lead to additional stressors and pressures for some individuals. Therefore, education at a private school is not necessarily a protective factor for mental health.

Quiz 18: Prevention and Mental Health Promotion in the Community

The Canadian Institute for Health Information recommends an ecological approach to mental health promotion, encouraging government to

In developing a disease prevention program, researchers working from a Public Health approach tend to focus on three components of the disease: characteristics of the , characteristics of the and finally, the __, or manner by which the disease is transmitted.

Reducing stressors while preparing individuals to better cope with stressors is the focus of

The public health approach is characterized by all of the following steps EXCEPT

All of the following are considered central mechanisms that can help people cope with adversity EXCEPT

All of the following distinguish community psychology from clinical psychology EXCEPT

The more general risk factors for poor mental health that __________ an individual has, the more an individual is to disorder.

Katie's high school is involved in a special program designed to encourage the students to practice safe sex so as to reduce the likelihood of pregnancy and STIs. This program is an example of

Which of the following statements is true?

What is resilience?

Which of the following is a personal characteristic that has often been associated with personal resilience?

Well-being tends to be the focus of mental health

Primary prevention programs seek to , secondary prevention programs aim to and tertiary programs aim to __.

Community psychology had its roots in

Community psychology is necessary for prevention for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

The local high school has a program that attempts to provide teens with strategies to cope with peer pressures to drink and use drugs. This approach would be characteristic of

Prevention programs that target participants on the basis of known risk factors for certain mental health problems (which can be "internal" or external to the participant) are called

The four key characteristics of mental health promotion, identified by Cowen (1996) are:

According to the ecological perspective, mental health problems can be viewed as having

Which of the following is NOT a protective factor for mental health?