Question 1

Learning that occurs by observing others is called:

Accepted Answer

Learning by observing others is called modeling.

Question 2

Which of the following is not an anabolic hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a catabolic hormone, meaning it breaks down large molecules into smaller ones. Insulin-like growth factor, growth hormone, and sex steroids are all anabolic hormones, meaning they promote the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones.

Question 3

Prolonged elevations of catabolic hormones:

Accepted Answer

Prolonged elevations of catabolic hormones such as cortisol can lead to damage in the body and promote chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and weakened immune function.

Question 4

Negative emotion spillover and social withdrawal are examples of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Negative emotion spillover and social withdrawal are...

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of catabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reactions break down larger molecules into smaller ones, which releases energy. They do not build the body, which is the job of anabolic reactions. A, B, and C are all true statements about catabolic reactions.

Question 6

Token economies and modeling are widely used types of:

Accepted Answer

Token economies and modeling are both tools used in operant conditioning. Token economies involve using tokens or points as rewards for positive behavior, while modeling involves observing and imitating the behavior of others. These techniques are both based on the principles of operant conditioning, which involves the use of reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior.

Question 7

After an especially stressful day at work,Connie isn't interested in talking to her family and just wants to be by herself.Connie's behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Connie's behavior of wanting to be by herself after a stressful day at work is an example of social withdrawal, which is a common coping mechanism people use to deal with stress. It involves disengaging from social interactions and seeking solitude to alleviate stress and anxiety. The other options don't fit the scenario as well. An interaction effect refers to the effect of two or more variables on an outcome, negative emotion spillover occurs when negative emotions in one situation carry over to another, and avoidance refers to actively avoiding or denying stressful situations rather than withdrawing from social interaction.

Question 8

Discriminative stimuli are:

Accepted Answer

Discriminative stimuli are environmental cues or signals that indicate the likelihood of reinforcement following a certain behavior. They serve as a signal that a certain behavior will be followed by a specific consequence, either positive or negative. This signal can then influence the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated in the future.

Question 9

The safety triad refers to a work culture that pays attention to:

Accepted Answer

The safety triad focuses on the interaction between the person, the environment, and behavior to promote a safe work culture.

Question 10

Anabolism is to catabolism as:

Accepted Answer

Anabolism refers to the building up of molecules, while catabolism refers to the breaking down of molecules. Bodybuilding activities involve anabolism, as the goal is to build and strengthen muscles. Activities that break down the body involve catabolism, as they cause the body to break down and wear out. Therefore, choice A is the best analogy for anabolism and catabolism.

Question 11

Marsha,a nurse,runs two miles every day after work because it reduces her level of stress.Marsha's running habit is maintained by __________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Marsha's running habit is maintained by negative reinforcement because running reduces her level of stress, which is a negative feeling. By running, she is removing or avoiding this negative feeling.

Question 12

Which term refers to the body's ability to adapt to stress and other elements of rapidly changing environments?

Accepted Answer

The term that refers to the body's ability to adapt to stress and other elements of rapidly changing environments is called allostasis. Allostasis is the process by which the body strives to maintain stability or homeostasis through the regulation of various physiological and behavioral systems. It involves the activation of stress responses that enable the body to adapt to changing environmental demands. Anabolism and catabolism refer to the processes of building up and breaking down of molecules in the body, respectively, and resilience refers to the capacity to recover or bounce back from adversity or trauma.

Question 13

The hippocampus has large concentrations of receptors for:

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus has a high concentration of receptors for cortisol, which is a stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands. This hormone has been shown to have an impact on the structure and function of the hippocampus, and excess cortisol exposure can lead to hippocampal damage and impaired memory function. While the hippocampus may also have receptors for other hormones listed, such as IGF-1 or growth hormone, they are not as highly concentrated as cortisol receptors. There is also no evidence to suggest that the hippocampus has a significant concentration of receptors for sex hormones.

Question 14

The state called allostatic overload is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Allostatic overload is a state of chronic stress that results in a shift towards catabolic activity, leading to physiological imbalances and increased risk of disease. This is characterized by high levels of cortisol and other stress hormones, and a range of symptoms including fatigue, depression, and inflammation.

Question 15

Despite growing up in poverty and a childhood characterized by extreme adversity,Rosa has lived an exceptional life filled with success and well-being in every domain.Rosa exemplifies the outcome called:

Accepted Answer

The outcome described in the scenario is thriving, which involves experiencing success and well-being in multiple domains despite adversity or challenges. The other choices (anabolism, catabolism, and allostatic load) do not match the description of the outcome in the scenario.

Question 16

After getting into an argument at work,Jack becomes impatient with his son's behavior at the dinner table.Jack's behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Jack's negative emotional state from the argument at work seems to have spilled over into his behavior at the dinner table, as evidenced by his impatience with his son's behavior. This is an example of negative emotion spillover.

Question 17

Anabolic reactions involve activities that:

Accepted Answer

Anabolic reactions involve building the body by combining smaller molecules to create larger molecules. This process requires energy input and is used in processes such as muscle growth and tissue repair. The other choices (A, C, and D) do not accurately describe anabolic reactions.

Question 18

The positive psychology movement:

Accepted Answer

The positive psychology movement is a strength-based, preventive approach to health behavior research and interventions. It focuses on enhancing positive emotions, well-being, and resilience, rather than just treating mental illness or negative consequences.

Question 19

One measure of physical thriving is:

Accepted Answer

A fluid allostatic system that flexibly shifts from light to low levels of arousal is a measure of physical thriving. This means that the body is able to appropriately respond to stress and maintain balance, rather than being constantly in a state of high arousal or constantly fatigued. A predominance of catabolic or anabolic activity at rest and high cortisol levels are not indicators of physical thriving.

Question 20

Which type of metabolism counters arousal and promotes relaxation and healing processes such as protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic metabolism involves the building and synthesis of molecules, including proteins, which promote healing and relaxation processes in the body.

Quiz 6: B: Staying Healthy: Primary Prevention and Positive Psychology