Question 1

Reliability is to validity as ______________ is to _________________.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency or stability of a measure over time or across different raters. Similarly, consistency is necessary for accuracy, which refers to the degree to which an assessment measures what it is intended to measure (i.e., validity).

Question 2

A longitudinal survey is the best method to test a causal relationship.

Accepted Answer

A longitudinal survey is excellent for observing changes over time but experimental or quasi-experimental designs are better suited for testing causal relationships.

Question 3

Qualitative methods are to quantitative methods as ______________ is are) to ______________.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative methods focus on the specific experiences and perspectives of individuals, and aim to generate new theories and ideas through inductive reasoning. In contrast, quantitative methods involve collecting numerical data to test hypotheses and theories using deductive reasoning. Therefore, the relationship between qualitative and quantitative methods is similar to the relationship between induction and deduction.

Question 4

The variable is a key component in qualitative methods.

Accepted Answer

Variables are not typically used in qualitative methods as they focus on understanding complexities, experiences, and meanings rather than quantifiable measures.

Question 5

Which of the following is not of quantitative methods of inquiry?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Quantitative methods are always deductive" is not a defining characteristic of quantitative methods. While many quantitative studies do use deductive logic, there are also examples of inductive and abductive approaches in quantitative research.

Question 6

Defining an abstract theoretical concept so it can be measured is a component of which concept?

Accepted Answer

Operationalization involves defining abstract theoretical concepts in a way that allows them to be measured or observed in a concrete and objective manner. This is a crucial step in the research process, as it enables researchers to collect and analyze data related to their research questions or hypotheses. Experimentation involves manipulating variables in order to test hypotheses, interpretation involves making sense of data and findings, and validation involves assessing the accuracy and reliability of research methods and instruments. However, none of these directly involve the process of operationalizing theoretical concepts.

Question 7

Which methodological approach is NOT compatible with in-depth interviews?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which methodological approach is NOT compatible with...

Question 8

The road test component of a driver's examination is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The road test component of a driver's...

Question 9

Trustworthiness, as a method of evaluation of quality in qualitative methods is most closely associated with which method of evaluation of quality in quantitative methods?

Accepted Answer

Trustworthiness in qualitative methods refers to the extent to which the findings and interpretations are credible, transferable, dependable, and confirmable. Validity in quantitative methods refers to the extent to which a measurement tool accurately measures what it claims to measure, which is similar to the idea of credibility in qualitative methods. Therefore, A (Validity) is the closest method of evaluation of quality in quantitative methods that is associated with trustworthiness in qualitative methods.

Question 10

Data analysis that examines a series of previous studies is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Data analysis that examines a series of...

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of reliability?

Accepted Answer

Focal-point reliability is not a recognized type of reliability. The other options (inter-item, inter-rater, and test-retest) are all well-established types of reliability.

Question 12

A hypothesis is a statement of relationship between two variables AND an educated guess as to what is expected to happen.

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is both a statement of relationship between two variables and an educated guess about what is expected to happen. It is often formulated as an "if...then..." statement and is used to guide research and experimentation.

Question 13

Quasi-experiments and surveys are mutually exclusive methods.

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experiments and surveys are not mutually exclusive methods. Quasi-experiments are used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships but may involve the collection of survey data. Surveys, on the other hand, are used to collect information from a sample and may or may not involve an experimental design.

Question 14

Which of the following is a component of qualitative methods of inquiry?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative methods of inquiry typically involve generating hypotheses, rather than testing them.

Question 15

Qualitative research methods are not involved in the process of date collection.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research methods are involved in the process of data collection. The data collected through qualitative research methods are non-numerical and subjective, such as observations, interviews, and focus group discussions. These methods aim to understand the experiences, attitudes, and perceptions of participants.

Question 16

Which of the following is one of the key strengths of the experimental study design?

Accepted Answer

One of the key strengths of the experimental study design is control. Experimenters can carefully control and manipulate the independent variable to see how it affects the dependent variable, which helps establish causal relationships between variables.

Question 17

Ethnographic analysis is most closely associated with which method?

Accepted Answer

Ethnographic analysis involves the researcher immersing themselves in the culture or community they are studying through participant observation. This method allows the researcher to gain an in-depth understanding of the social context and cultural practices of the community.

Question 18

The variable is a key component in quantitative methods.

Accepted Answer

Variables refer to any characteristic or attribute that can be measured or categorized in a research study. They play a central role in the quantitative research process, as hypotheses and research questions are typically formulated in terms of variables, data is collected and analyzed based on these variables, and conclusions are drawn regarding the relationships between them.

Question 19

Survey methods are the best method to test hypotheses regarding health issues.

Accepted Answer

Survey methods, while useful for gathering data, are not always the best method to test hypotheses regarding health issues due to limitations such as self-report bias, sampling errors, and inability to establish causality. Experimental and longitudinal studies often provide stronger evidence for testing hypotheses in health research.

Question 20

Quantitative methods are to qualitative methods as ______________ is are) to ______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Quantitative methods are to qualitative methods as...

Quiz 2: Methodological Tools for a Sociological Analysis of Health, Illness and Health Care

Reliability is to validity as is to ___.