Question 1

What social theorist complained that criminology's "garrulous discourse" and "endless repetitions" relieved judges and police officers of their guilt for delivering pain and suffering on the guilty?

Accepted Answer

Michel Foucault was known for his critique of the criminal justice system and the power dynamics within it. He argued that the "garrulous discourse" of criminology served to legitimize the infliction of suffering on those deemed guilty by the system, and that this discourse helped to excuse the responsibility of judges and police officers for their role in such punishments.

Question 2

Which of the following best characterizes critical criminology?

Accepted Answer

Critical criminology is a perspective that is critical of the current criminal justice system and seeks to change it by examining the larger social, economic, and political structures that contribute to crime and deviance. It takes the system to task by highlighting its flaws, biases, and injustices, and advocates for radical social change. The other options do not accurately describe critical criminology. B and D imply a more incremental approach, while C suggests a lack of faith in the power of justice to transform society.

Question 3

Which of the following concepts best illustrates the case of the modern police officer,who in investigating a traffic accident must gather information pertinent to the courts and police records as well as insurance companies,the public health system,and the automobile industry?

Accepted Answer

The concept of risk society refers to a society that is increasingly preoccupied with issues of risk and security. In this case, the modern police officer must gather information not only for law enforcement purposes but also for insurance companies, the public health system, and the automobile industry which all relate to concerns of risk management and prevention.

Question 4

What is the name applied byChapter 12 to the group of scholars who,during the reign of Thatcher,Reagan,and Mulroney governments,advocated for more punitive sanctions for crime?

Accepted Answer

Chapter 12 specifically refers to scholars who advocated for more punitive sanctions for crime during the Thatcher, Reagan, and Mulroney governments as "right realists".

Question 5

Which of the following claims is most likely to be made by a critical criminologist?

Accepted Answer

Critical criminologists often focus on social inequalities and injustices in the criminal justice system. Providing justice to marginalized individuals and communities is a central concern of critical criminology. The other choices are less likely to be made by critical criminologists, as they tend to be skeptical of punitive approaches and may view poverty and danger as social constructions rather than inherent characteristics of particular classes of people.

Question 6

How is risk defined in critical criminological research?

Accepted Answer

In critical criminological research, risk is defined as the likelihood of an event happening. This includes assessing the likelihood of victimization as well as the likelihood of an offender causing harm. The degree of harm caused by various types of crimes and the safety of individuals are important considerations, but they are not the sole factors in defining risk in critical criminology.

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates the Foucauldian concept of a micro-power?

Accepted Answer

The Foucauldian concept of micro-power refers to the subtle, everyday forms of power that operate within society's institutions and practices, rather than through overt, coercive force. A traffic light is a good example of this, as it regulates behavior in a non-coercive, almost unnoticed way, influencing the flow of traffic and pedestrian movement through the simple mechanism of changing colors.

Question 8

Which of the following best represents Foucault's conception of power?

Accepted Answer

Foucault's conception of power is that it is not held by specific individuals or groups, but rather is pervasive throughout society and inherent in social relations. It is only evident when it is exercised and is not necessarily always negative or repressive. This understanding of power goes beyond traditional views of power as something possessed by those in authority and instead focuses on the ways in which power operates in everyday interactions and relationships.

Question 9

How is the concept of risk assessment used in the youth justice system in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Risk assessment is used in the youth justice system in Canada through the use of a tool that assesses risk, needs, responsivity, and professional discretion to guide decision making about how to address youth offending behavior. This tool helps professionals in the youth justice system determine the level of risk posed by a young person and what interventions are required to reduce their risk of reoffending. This approach is based on evidence-based practices that have been shown to be effective in reducing recidivism rates for youth offenders, such as cognitive-behavioral interventions, family therapy, and community-based supports.

Question 10

Which of the following best characterizes a key goal of critical criminology in recent years?

Accepted Answer

Critical criminology aims to challenge traditional perceptions of crime and justice, focusing on issues of power, inequality, and social justice. It seeks to open minds to more equitable and just ways of understanding and addressing crime and its causes, rather than simply managing or controlling specific groups or working within the existing structures of the criminal justice system.

Question 11

What did Taylor,Walton,and Young advocate a new critical criminology to accomplish?

Accepted Answer

Taylor, Walton, and Young advocated a new critical criminology to examine the structural and political-economic dimensions that produce criminal behavior, rather than just focusing on individual instances of crime. They believed that the criminal justice system was inherently biased towards certain social groups and that a critical approach was necessary to understand the root causes of crime.

Question 12

What group of scholars was criticized by critical criminologists for compromising the goals and momentum of critical criminology?

Accepted Answer

Left realists were criticized by critical criminologists for compromising the radical goals and momentum of critical criminology by adopting a more pragmatic approach and focusing on practical solutions to crime and deviance.

Question 13

Which of the following refers to statistical calculations of risk across time and groups?

Accepted Answer

Actuarial risks involve statistical calculations of risk across time and groups, often used in insurance and finance industries to assess future risks and make predictions. The other options are not commonly used terms in risk assessment.

Question 14

What concept did Foucault say extends beyond the state and is not a quantity to hold or possess,but rather is relational and only evident when exercised?

Accepted Answer

Foucault said that power extends beyond the state and is not a quantity to hold or possess, but rather is relational and only evident when exercised. Surveillance, discipline, and governmentality are all related concepts to power, but they do not fully capture the complex and dispersed nature of power according to Foucault's understanding.

Question 15

Which of the following thinkers advanced groundbreaking theories on power and governmentality that inspired new theorizing in the field of contemporary critical criminology?

Accepted Answer

Michel Foucault advanced groundbreaking theories on power and governmentality that inspired new theorizing in the field of contemporary critical criminology. While the other choices may be significant in their own right, they do not have the same impact on criminological theory as Foucault's work.

Question 16

For Foucault,which of the following is the direct or indirect observation of conduct toward producing a desired outcome?

Accepted Answer

For Foucault, surveillance refers to the direct or indirect observation of conduct, primarily through disciplinary mechanisms, aimed at controlling, regulating, or managing behaviors to produce desired outcomes.

Question 17

Which of the following schools of thought expressly attempts to draw attention to the hidden and overlooked injustices in society?

Accepted Answer

Critical criminology aims to draw attention to the hidden and overlooked injustices in society through the lens of power relations and social inequalities. It critiques the criminal justice system for exacerbating social inequalities and focuses on understanding the root causes of crime beyond individual behavior and criminality.

Question 18

The 1973 book The New Criminology by Taylor,Walton,and Young levelled a number of criticisms at the mainstream and sparked a brief time of radical criminology.Which of the following discussion was part of this brief shift?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The 1973 book The New Criminology by...

Question 19

Cultural criminologists Hayward and Young alert us to the importance of which of the following in the context of a criminal act?

Accepted Answer

Cultural criminologists like Hayward and Young emphasize the role of emotional and experiential aspects in crime, such as the thrill or adrenaline rush, rather than purely rational or genetic factors.

Question 20

According to your textbook,which of the following is one of the goals of critical criminology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your textbook,which of the following...

Quiz 12: Critical Criminology in Canada