A long-time patient with schizophrenia in the inpatient unit has developed involuntary movements of his tongue.What has this patient developed?

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The patient has developed tardive dyskinesia, which is a side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medications. It is characterized by involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, and face. Acute dystonic reactions are characterized by sudden and severe muscle spasms, usually of the neck, jaw or eyelids, and can occur shortly after starting or increasing the dose of antipsychotic medication. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotic medication, characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, and altered mental status. Laryngospasm is a sudden and involuntary contraction of the vocal cords, typically causing breathing difficulties.

A Long-Time Patient with Schizophrenia in the Inpatient Unit Has