Question 1

The agentic leadership style is most like which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The agentic leadership style is focused on achieving goals or completing tasks, which aligns with a task-oriented leadership style. This style emphasizes planning, organizing, and directing work to meet objectives.

Question 2

According to the authors of your text, women in leadership positions are in a double bind: If they conform to social expectations about how to behave and are warm and communal, they may be seen as having low leadership potential; then, when they are given the opportunity to lead and they ________, they are perceived negatively.

Accepted Answer

When women act in agentic, assertive ways, they are often perceived negatively and referred to in derogatory terms, such as "bossy" or "domineering." This double bind can make it difficult for women to advance and succeed in leadership positions.

Question 3

An ambitious study of leadership in 62 countries determined that

Accepted Answer

The study determined that different traits for leaders are preferred in different cultures, indicating that there is no universal best type of leader.

Question 4

When women are chosen for leadership positions over units or departments in crisis, this is

Accepted Answer

The term "glass cliff" refers to the phenomenon of women being appointed to leadership positions when the units or departments are already in crisis or facing significant challenges. This puts them in a precarious position and increases the likelihood of failure. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because breaking the glass cliff would mean avoiding such situations entirely, not just having women in leadership positions. Option C is incorrect because the glass ceiling refers to the barriers preventing women from reaching leadership positions in the first place, not the likelihood of failure. Option D is incorrect because it is a misinterpretation of the term glass ceiling.

Question 5

Your text describes Steve Jobs as a creative, unorthodox leader, who was successful at getting Apple Computers started, but later was removed from his leadership role when the company was well-established and he was being less effective leading a billion-dollar corporation. This illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

The description of Steve Jobs highlights the importance of fit between a leader's style and the situation. Jobs was successful in leading the start-up phase of Apple with his creative and unorthodox approach, but struggled when the company became well-established and required a more traditional leadership style. This emphasizes the need for leaders to adapt their style to match the needs of the organization and situation they are leading.

Question 6

You are playing a "game" against another person, and you have to choose an option without knowing what your partner will choose. In this instance, you must choose how much money you will choose to contribute to a common pot versus keep in your own account when having X amount in the common pot would bring a benefit to you both. The situation you are in is known as a

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are playing a "game" against another...

Question 7

The text described a recent situation in which novelist Stephen King began publishing a novel called The Plant in installments over the Internet, asking readers to pay $1 per installment. He indicated that if at least 75 percent of the people who downloaded the novel paid the fee, he would keep writing and posting new installments, but if fewer than 75 percent paid the fee, he would stop writing and people would never get the rest of the novel. King posed a ________ dilemma for his readers.

Accepted Answer

The dilemma Stephen King posed for his readers is a social dilemma because it involves individuals making decisions based on how they believe others will act. Readers must decide whether to pay for the installments or not, knowing that their decision may affect whether or not other readers will pay as well. The success of the novel and the ability to continue publishing it is ultimately determined by the collective actions of the readership.

Question 8

Experimental research on social conflicts has shown that the greatest amount of cooperation occurs when

Accepted Answer

The "tit-for-tat" strategy, where a participant cooperates initially and then mimics the opponent's previous action, has been shown to foster high levels of cooperation in experimental settings. This strategy encourages reciprocity and trust, leading to greater cooperation over time.

Question 9

A social dilemma is defined as a conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual will ________ if ________.

Accepted Answer

A social dilemma occurs when the action that is most beneficial for any individual will have harmful effects on everyone if that action is chosen by most people. This reflects the essence of many social dilemmas, where individual rational choices lead to collectively irrational outcomes, such as in the tragedy of the commons.

Question 10

Assume that Pat has been appointed the team leader on a new software development project. If Pat is a(n) ________ and uses a(n) ________ leadership style, Pat is likely to be evaluated negatively.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women who adopt an agentic (masculine) leadership style often face backlash and negative evaluations, especially in male-dominated fields like software development. Therefore, if Pat is a woman who adopts an agentic leadership style, she is likely to be evaluated negatively.

Question 11

When it comes to social dilemmas such as the "prisoner's dilemma" game, the tit-for-tat strategy

Accepted Answer

The tit-for-tat strategy is a means of increasing cooperation in social dilemmas such as the "prisoner's dilemma" game. It involves initially cooperating with one's partner and then responding to the partner's behavior in the same way they respond to yours. This approach has been shown to promote cooperation and reduce the likelihood of competitive responses.

Question 12

According to your textbook, all of the following are true with respect to women and leadership except

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, women are actually less harsh toward other women who act counter to the feminine role than men are. Therefore, option B is not true.

Question 13

Under certain conditions, people will choose the cooperative option when playing the "prisoner's dilemma" game. For example, when a player ________, that player will be more likely to play cooperatively.

Accepted Answer

When a player expects to interact with his or her partner in the future, they are more likely to choose the cooperative option in order to maintain a positive relationship and ensure future cooperation. This idea is known as the "shadow of the future" and has been found to increase cooperative behavior in various settings.

Question 14

The key to success in the "prisoner's dilemma" game is to

Accepted Answer

The prisoner's dilemma is a situation in which two individuals have to make a decision whether to cooperate with each other or not. In this game, the best strategy is to trust one's partner because if both players cooperate, they both receive a good outcome. However, if one player decides to compete and the other cooperates, the competitor will get a better outcome while the cooperator will get a worse outcome. Therefore, it is important to trust one's partner to achieve the best overall outcome.

Question 15

Agentic leadership style is to ________ as ________ is to collectivism.

Accepted Answer

Agentic leadership style focuses on individualism, independence, and assertiveness. In contrast, collectivism emphasizes the importance of community goals, relationships, and harmony. Therefore, individualism is the opposite of collectivism, and communal leadership style reflects the latter.

Question 16

Dr. Garrett is Chris's supervisor at work. If Dr. Garrett acts communally, as women are supposed to act in the workplace, she will be evaluated ________. If Dr. Garrett acts agentically, as leaders are supposed to act in the workplace, she will be evaluated ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Garrett is Chris's supervisor at work....

Question 17

Which of the following people is most likely to be hired for leadership positions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following people is most...

Question 18

During a psychology experiment, Chad and Wilma are asked to compete in the "prisoner's dilemma" game. As shown below, Wilma goes first, and after four rounds, the results are as follows:  As revealed in the pattern of responses above, Wilma is probably using a ________ strategy.

Accepted Answer

The pattern of responses in the prisoner's dilemma game above shows that Wilma is using a tit-for-tat strategy, where she starts by cooperating (C), then mirrors Chad's previous move in each subsequent round. This is evidenced by her consistently switching between cooperation and defection in response to Chad's moves.

Question 19

A leadership style that is warm, helpful, kind, and concerned with the welfare of others is ________, while a leadership style that is assertive, controlling, independent, dominant and self-confident is ________.

Accepted Answer

Communal leadership styles are characterized by warmth and concern for the welfare of others, fitting the first description. Agentic leadership styles, described by assertiveness and dominance, match the second description.

Question 20

The "prisoner's dilemma" game is an excellent vehicle for studying social conflicts in the laboratory because

Accepted Answer

The prisoner's dilemma game pits self-interest against looking out for someone else's interest, making it an excellent vehicle for studying social conflicts in the laboratory. Choice B is true, but it is not the main reason why the game is useful for studying social conflicts. Choice C is false since there can be different optimal strategies depending on the specific parameters of the game. Choice D is partially true, but the dependent variable measures can be more complex than simply counting the number of winners and losers.

Quiz 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

The agentic leadership style is most like which of the following?

An ambitious study of leadership in 62 countries determined that

When women are chosen for leadership positions over units or departments in crisis, this is

Experimental research on social conflicts has shown that the greatest amount of cooperation occurs when

A social dilemma is defined as a conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual will if .

Assume that Pat has been appointed the team leader on a new software development project. If Pat is a(n) and uses a(n) leadership style, Pat is likely to be evaluated negatively.

When it comes to social dilemmas such as the "prisoner's dilemma" game, the tit-for-tat strategy

According to your textbook, all of the following are true with respect to women and leadership except

Under certain conditions, people will choose the cooperative option when playing the "prisoner's dilemma" game. For example, when a player ________, that player will be more likely to play cooperatively.

The key to success in the "prisoner's dilemma" game is to

Agentic leadership style is to as is to collectivism.

Dr. Garrett is Chris's supervisor at work. If Dr. Garrett acts communally, as women are supposed to act in the workplace, she will be evaluated . If Dr. Garrett acts agentically, as leaders are supposed to act in the workplace, she will be evaluated .

Which of the following people is most likely to be hired for leadership positions?

During a psychology experiment, Chad and Wilma are asked to compete in the "prisoner's dilemma" game. As shown below, Wilma goes first, and after four rounds, the results are as follows: As revealed in the pattern of responses above, Wilma is probably using a ________ strategy.

A leadership style that is warm, helpful, kind, and concerned with the welfare of others is , while a leadership style that is assertive, controlling, independent, dominant and self-confident is .

The "prisoner's dilemma" game is an excellent vehicle for studying social conflicts in the laboratory because