Question 1

Ross and colleagues (2004) found that people playing the "Wall Street Game" were ________ competitive than people playing the "Community Game," ________ of individual differences in competitiveness and cooperativeness.

Accepted Answer

The study found that people playing the "Wall Street Game" were more competitive than people playing the "Community Game," regardless of individual differences in competitiveness and cooperativeness. Therefore, the best choice is B, as it accurately reflects the findings of the study.

Question 2

Which of the following questions is a behaviorist most likely to ask?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists focus on external factors that influence behavior, such as rewards and punishments. Therefore, they are most likely to ask about the external rewards in a situation.

Question 3

Which of the following is a consequence of underestimating the power of social influence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a consequence...

Question 4

When Monique plays checkers with her younger sister, she lets her sister win. When she plays with her older brother, she does everything she can to beat him. A social psychologist would suggest that

Accepted Answer

Monique is responding to different social situations. The social psychologist would suggest that Monique's behavior is adaptive and that she is adjusting her approach to playing checkers based on the social cues provided by the different relationships with her siblings. She is behaving differently in response to differences in social context.

Question 5

When we commit the fundamental attribution error, we ________ the power of ________.

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error involves overestimating the influence of personal characteristics and underestimating the influence of situational factors when evaluating the behavior of others.

Question 6

Ross and colleagues (2004) randomly assigned participants previously identified as either competitive or cooperative to one of two games: the "Wall Street Game" or the "Community Game." They found that two-thirds of the players in the "Wall Street Game" behaved competitively compared to one-third of people who played the "Community Game" who behaved competitively What do these findings suggest?

Accepted Answer

The findings suggest that seemingly minor aspects of a social situation, in this case the type of game being played, can override personality differences in determining behavior.

Question 7

Professor Srinivasan is a psychologist, yet does not study cognition, thoughts, or feelings because she claims that they are not rooted in observable behavior. Professor Srinivasan is most likely a

Accepted Answer

Professor Srinivasan's focus on observable behavior suggests that she adheres to the principles of behaviorism, which emphasize the importance of studying behavior that can be directly observed and measured.

Question 8

Professor Jaffrey believes that children learn to be polite when they are rewarded for saying things like "Please" and "Thank you." Professor Jaffrey is most likely a ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Professor Jaffrey's belief that behavior is shaped by rewards and reinforcement points towards a behavioral psychology perspective.

Question 9

Jake had a hypothesis about the outcome of the Ross and colleagues (2004) study about the "Wall Street Game" and the "Community Game." Jake hypothesized that the players would respond based on their personalities, not just the name of the game they played. His hypothesis is most likely based on which tendency?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jake had a hypothesis about the outcome...

Question 10

Linda tells her professor that her dog is very smart. Every time he hears the word "walkies," he runs to get his leash and stands in front of the door. Linda's professor tells her that her dog has learned to do this because in the past, pleasant walks always followed the word "walkies." Linda's professor is most likely endorsing a ________ explanation.

Accepted Answer

The behaviorist explanation suggests that the dog's behavior of running to get his leash and standing in front of the door is a result of the pleasant walks that always followed the word "walkies." This is a form of classical conditioning where the dog has associated the word with the pleasant experience, leading to the learned behavior.

Question 11

Which of the following relatively "famous" psychologists is a behaviorist?

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner is a well-known behaviorist who focused on the role of reinforcement and conditioning in shaping behavior. Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Lewin were both prominent psychologists, but they are not typically associated with behaviorism. Lee Ross is known for his work in social psychology and attribution theory, which is also not directly associated with behaviorism.

Question 12

The behaviorist approach

Accepted Answer

The behaviorist approach claims that all learning occurs through reinforcement and punishment. This means that behaviorists emphasize the importance of environmental factors in shaping behavior, rather than internal mental processes.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a consequence of underestimating the power of social influence?

Accepted Answer

Underestimating the power of social influence does not make us more aware of the psychological processes that people have in common with one another. It may, however, lead to us being more vulnerable to social influence, blaming victims for their tragedies, and believing that tragedies we read about could not happen to us.

Question 14

In discussing the issue of parental discipline, which of the following professionals would be least likely to remind parents that it is important to consider how the child views being punished?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists focus on observable behaviors and external stimuli, rather than internal thoughts or perceptions, so they would be less likely to consider the child's perspective on punishment.

Question 15

In explaining why so many people watching on the Internet failed to come to the aid of Abraham Biggs, who committed suicide, a behaviorist would most likely address the

Accepted Answer

A behaviorist would focus on the external factors that may have prevented viewers from intervening, such as the potential danger or inconvenience involved in physically intervening in a situation that was only being viewed online.

Question 16

In trying to make sense of the mass suicide in Jonestown, a behaviorist would probably examine the

Accepted Answer

In behaviorism, people's behaviors are shaped by the consequences, specifically rewards and punishments, that follow them. A behaviorist would look at the rewards and punishments that Jim Jones used to influence his followers and understand how that shaped the decision-making process of those who committed suicide.

Question 17

Which of the following people have fallen prey to the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

Tim is making an attribution to the person's character ("clumsy oaf") rather than considering situational factors that may have led to the fall. This is an example of the fundamental attribution error.

Answer: D 
 Dien is attributing the driver's behavior to situational factors (slick roads) rather than considering other factors (such as distraction or reckless driving). This may not necessarily be an example of the fundamental attribution error, but it is a common attribution people make in driving situations.

Answers A and C are not examples of the fundamental attribution error, as they are considering situational factors rather than making dispositional attributions about the individuals in question.

Question 18

Ross and colleagues (2004) randomly assigned participants previously identified as cooperative or competitive to play a game that was labeled either the "Wall Street Game" or the "Community Game." If their results had indicated that, no matter what the game, participants who were identified as competitive behaved more competitively in both groups than did participants who were identified as cooperative, these findings would have suggested that

Accepted Answer

The findings would suggest that personality characteristics related to cooperation and competition are consistent across different social situations, as competitive individuals behaved more competitively regardless of the game's label.

Question 19

To understand humans, one needs only to know about environmental rewards and punishments. This statement would most likely be endorsed by a strict

Accepted Answer

A strict behaviorist would believe that all behavior is shaped by environmental rewards and punishments, and that understanding these contingencies is key to understanding human behavior. Gestaltists would focus more on perception and holistic understanding of experience, while environmental psychologists would explore the interactions between individuals and their physical environments. Social psychologists would examine the influence of social factors on behavior.

Question 20

Behaviorists believe that all learning is a result of

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists believe that all learning is a result of reinforcement and punishment, meaning that behavior is shaped and controlled by the consequences that follow it. They argue that the environment and external stimuli are the main factors shaping behavior and that internal mental events, such as thoughts, feelings, and emotions, are not necessary to explain behavior.

Quiz 1: Introducing Social Psychology

Ross and colleagues (2004) found that people playing the "Wall Street Game" were competitive than people playing the "Community Game," of individual differences in competitiveness and cooperativeness.