A Teacher Announced a Surprise Oral Test in Class

A teacher announced a surprise oral test in class. She asked questions to each student individually. Joe, a student who usually scores well in written tests, failed this test. Furthermore, he asked the teacher to repeat each question numerous times. What do you think is the reason behind Joe's underperformance?

A) He had poor listening skills and was perceived as less intelligent.
B) He was anxious and was unable to control his anxiety.
C) He could not prepare for interactive listening and failed to understand the situational details.
D) He could not evaluate the information that was given and failed to accomplish the purpose behind it.