In consideration of cognitive appraisal, how is mindfulness approached by novice and experienced users?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

According to research, novice users of mindfulness tend to approach it with a top-down approach, meaning that they consciously and intentionally direct their attention to a specific object, while more experienced users tend to use a bottom-up approach where they allow their attention to be guided by whatever arises in their present moment awareness. This is consistent with the idea that with practice, the use of mindfulness becomes more automatic and less effortful.

In Consideration of Cognitive Appraisal, How Is Mindfulness Approached by Novice