Question 1

The ________ required the holders of broadcast licenses to present information on important issues in a way that was honest, equitable, and balanced.

Accepted Answer

The Fairness Doctrine required holders of broadcast licenses to present information on important issues in a way that was honest, equitable, and balanced.

Question 2

In which country is the majority of major broadcast media privately owned by a prominent national politician?

Accepted Answer

In Italy, the majority of major broadcast media is privately owned by Silvio Berlusconi, who served as the country's Prime Minister for three separate terms.

Question 3

The ________ required broadcasters to give equal time to competing candidates for public office.

Accepted Answer

The Equal Time Rule, as mandated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), requires broadcasters to give equal time to competing candidates for public office to ensure a fair and impartial election process.

Question 4

________ bias refers to a media's systematic tendency to interject editorial content into the coverage of issues or events.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ bias refers to a media's systematic...

Question 5

The government has reason to believe that a story describing war strategy in Iraq to be published by The New York Times jeopardizes national security. ________ may allow the government to stop the publication of the story.

Accepted Answer

Prior restraint allows the government to stop the publication of information that it deems harmful to national security. This is the most appropriate option in this scenario. The Telecommunications Act of 1996, The Security Doctrine, The Equal Time Rule, and The Bush Doctrine are not relevant to this situation.

Question 6

A news organization that supports an incumbent president would exhibit ________ bias by failing to report any news about the economy during a recession.

Accepted Answer

Gatekeeping bias occurs when a news organization selectively reports or omits information, such as not reporting on the economy during a recession to protect the incumbent president.

Question 7

Which is a federal law, passed in 1996, that substantially lowers barriers to new firms entering the media marketplace?

Accepted Answer

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 substantially lowered barriers to entry in the media marketplace, allowing for easier consolidation of media companies and deregulation of media ownership rules. The other answer choices either no longer exist or are not directly related to this topic.

Question 8

A news organization that regularly includes criticisms of a president's policies in news coverage of the economy exhibits ________ bias.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A news organization that regularly includes criticisms...

Question 9

The ________ hypothesis predicts that people will choose to consume news from media outlets based on their personal interests and the issue areas that various outlets emphasize.

Accepted Answer

The agenda hypothesis predicts that people will choose to consume news from media outlets based on their personal interests and the issue areas that various outlets emphasize.

Question 10

________ allows governmental actors to prevent media outlets from publishing particular material it believes will jeopardize public safety or national security.

Accepted Answer

Prior restraint refers to the ability of government entities to prevent media outlets from publishing certain material before it is published. This can be done under the guise of protecting public safety or national security, but is often seen as a violation of the First Amendment's protection of freedom of speech and press.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes attitudes in the United States toward government regulation of private media?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes attitudes...

Question 12

A news organization critical of an incumbent president would exhibit ________ bias by reliably reporting the number of American casualties in a foreign conflict without describing the number of enemy casualties or military objectives achieved in combat.

Accepted Answer

This bias would be exhibited in the news organization's coverage, specifically in what information they choose and choose not to report.

Question 13

Media bias is ________.

Accepted Answer

Media bias can sometimes occur because of the nature of the news being presented. For example, certain events or issues may have different perspectives or interpretations that can be difficult to present completely objectively. While media outlets strive to eliminate bias, it can be difficult to completely avoid it in certain situations.

Question 14

In which country is the press principally state owned but operated independently of the government?

Accepted Answer

The United Kingdom has a press that is mostly owned by private companies, but there is also a significant amount of state ownership. However, the state-owned media operates independently of the government and enjoys editorial independence. This system is known as the "mixed economy of media" and is considered to be a unique characteristic of the UK media landscape.

Question 15

Compared to the general public, journalists' ideological positions are ________.

Accepted Answer

Research studies have consistently shown that journalists' ideological positions tend to be farther to the left compared to the general public. This has been attributed to a variety of factors, including the socialization and professionalization processes of journalism as well as the demographics of the profession.

Question 16

Shows like The Daily Show focus primarily on offering a satirical presentation of real world news. What term best identifies the type of programming in which these shows engage?

Accepted Answer

The term "infotainment" is often used to describe programming that blends elements of both entertainment and information. Shows like The Daily Show offer a comedic take on real world news stories, thus fitting into this category.

Question 17

Which term refers to a media organization's systematic tendency NOT to report a specific type of story?

Accepted Answer

Gatekeeping bias refers to a media organization's systematic tendency not to report a specific type of story. This can be due to factors such as limited resources, audience interests, or editorial decisions. Elite bias refers to the media's tendency to favor the preferences and perspectives of the wealthy and powerful. Ideological bias refers to the media's favoritism towards a particular political or societal ideology. Coverage bias refers to the media's tendency to overemphasize certain stories or topics while neglecting others. Statement bias refers to the media's use of language that reflects a bias or opinion.

Question 18

________ bias refers to a media organization's systematic tendency to emphasize certain types of stories or aspects of stories?

Accepted Answer

Coverage bias refers to the tendency of the media to focus on certain events, issues, or aspects of stories while ignoring others, leading to a skewed representation of reality. This can influence public perception by highlighting some topics over others.

Question 19

Government licensing of radio frequencies solves a/an ________ among radio and television stations by preventing companies from using signals that interfere with one another's broadcasts.

Accepted Answer

Government licensing of radio frequencies solves a coordination problem among radio and television stations by ensuring that each station is using a unique, non-interfering frequency for their broadcasts. Without licensing, multiple stations could use the same frequency, causing interference and making it difficult for listeners/viewers to tune in.

Question 20

The ________ hypothesis predicts that people will choose to consume news from media outlets that share their ideological predispositions.

Accepted Answer

The given hypothesis describes the concept of partisan selective exposure, where individuals seek out and consume news that aligns with their political beliefs or ideologies.

Quiz 14: Mass Media and the Press