Question 1

Which of the following is one of the most common allergenic fungi?

Accepted Answer

Alternaria is one of the most common allergenic fungi and is found in indoor and outdoor environments, especially in warm and humid conditions. It can cause respiratory allergies and exacerbate asthma.

Question 2

Which of the following is not correct?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are correct.

Question 3

The following compounds are matched correctly with their effect except one.Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

Amatoxin is a toxin found in certain mushrooms and can cause liver damage and death, but it does not cause gangrene or hallucinations. This is an incorrect matching of compound and effect.

Question 4

Chintu,a chicken farmer,complained to her doctor about shortness of breath.The doctor diagnosed her with tuberculosis.But soon after the diagnosis,the infection became systemic,spreading to other organs.She later died from the infection.Chintu probably did not have tuberculosis.She likely had which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest that Chintu had a fungal infection, not tuberculosis. In particular, the systemic spread of the infection suggests a fungal infection like histoplasmosis, which can infect multiple organs and cause respiratory symptoms. The other options listed are unlikely to cause the symptoms described.

Question 5

The most common of the opportunistic fungi is which of the following genera?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common of the opportunistic fungi...

Question 6

Living in water-damaged indoor areas and producing potent mycotoxins is the fungus called ________.

Accepted Answer

Stachybotrys is commonly referred to as black mold and is known for growing in water-damaged indoor areas. It can produce mycotoxins that can cause health problems in humans and animals. Coccidioides is a fungus that causes valley fever, Aspergillus and Alternaria are common indoor molds that can also cause health problems, but they do not necessarily require water damage to grow. Trichophyton is a fungus that causes skin infections like athlete's foot and ringworm and is not typically associated with indoor water damage.

Question 7

Which of the following compounds has its effect by blocking the synthesis of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Amatoxins, which are produced by certain mushrooms, inhibit RNA polymerase II, an enzyme involved in transcription and mRNA synthesis. Blocking this process effectively stops protein synthesis and can lead to cell death.

Question 8

Seth the secretary works in one of the oldest buildings in the city.Lately,Seth has been suffering from burning eyes,dizziness,tightness of breath,and headaches.Most likely Seth the secretary has which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Seth's symptoms are typical of sick building syndrome, which is caused by poor indoor air quality in buildings with inadequate ventilation and chemical pollutants. The fact that he works in an old building increases the likelihood of these issues.

Question 9

Which of the following is correct about ergotism?

Accepted Answer

Chronic poisoning from consuming grains contaminated with ergot can cause gangrenous poisoning, in which severe vasoconstriction can lead to tissue death and gangrene. A is incorrect since not all people infected with ergotism die. C is incorrect because contaminated bread is a common source of acute ergotism. D is incorrect because sclerotia contain a variety of secondary metabolites, including the alkaloids responsible for the toxic effects of ergotism.

Question 10

St.Anthony's fire or the "dancing mania" was probably caused by ingesting which of the following?

Accepted Answer

St. Anthony's fire, also known as ergotism, is caused by ingesting ergot-contaminated grains, which contain the fungus Claviceps purpurea. The fungus produces a toxin called ergotamine, which can cause hallucinations, fever, intense burning sensations in the limbs, and convulsions. Psilocybin mushrooms and fly agaric can also cause hallucinations, but they do not cause the specific symptoms associated with St. Anthony's fire. Amanita virosa (the destroying angel) is a highly toxic mushroom, and Aspergillus spores can cause respiratory problems but are not associated with the symptoms of St. Anthony's fire.

Question 11

Which among the following provides the best treatment for ringworm?

Accepted Answer

Griseofulvin is an antifungal medication that is commonly used to treat ringworm. Streptomycin, cyclosporin, simvastatin, and cephalosporin are not effective for treating ringworm.

Question 12

Called by the Aztecs Teonanacatl,this sacred mushroom is of the genus ________.

Accepted Answer

The sacred mushroom referred to as Teonanacatl by the Aztecs belongs to the genus Psilocybe, which contains several species that have psychoactive properties.

Question 13

Which of the following is the most potent psychoactive drug known?

Accepted Answer

LSD is considered to be one of the most potent psychoactive drugs known, with effects that can last up to 12 hours and can cause alterations in perception, thought, and emotions. It is estimated that a dose as low as 13 micrograms can produce significant effects on human consciousness.

Question 14

Candida albicans is the causal agent for all of the following except one.Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

Candida albicans is not the causal agent for ringworm, which is caused by a different type of fungus called dermatophyte.

Question 15

Preparations made from ergot can be used to affect all of the following except one.Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

Ergot preparations are not used to prevent transplant rejection. They are used to induce abortions, aid in childbirth, treat migraine headaches, and induce hallucinations.

Question 16

What organ is most affected by amatoxins?

Accepted Answer

Amatoxins primarily affect the liver, causing severe liver damage and often leading to liver failure.

Question 17

The following fungi are correctly matched with their type of mycoses except one.Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

Microsporum is a dermatophyte fungi that causes superficial mycoses, not systemic mycoses. The other options are correctly matched. Candida causes superficial mycoses, Histoplasma and Aspergillus cause systemic mycoses, and Trichophyton causes superficial mycoses.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a correct statement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 19

Which of the following historical events may be associated with ergotism?

Accepted Answer

Ergotism is a disease caused by ingesting grains contaminated with the fungus Claviceps purpurea, which produces ergot alkaloids. The symptoms of ergotism include hallucinations, muscle pain, convulsions, and gangrene. There are several historical events that may be associated with ergotism. For example, it has been suggested that Czar Peter the Great's troops suffered from ergotism during their attempt to invade Turkey in the early 18th century. It has also been proposed that ergotism contributed to the hysteria around the Salem witch trials in 1692, as some of the symptoms experienced by the accused were consistent with ergotism. Additionally, it has been speculated that the peasant's collective panic around the French Revolution may have been influenced by ergotism, as there was a surge in the consumption of rye bread (which is susceptible to ergot contamination) during the period leading up to the revolution. Therefore, all of the choices A, B, and C may be correct.

Question 20

You find a beautiful tall,white mushroom with a well-defined annulus,veil,and volva,especially in the "button stage," You most likely have found which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Amanita virosa, also known as the "Destroying Angel," is characterized by its tall, white appearance and distinct features such as an annulus (ring) and volva (cup-like base), especially noticeable in the young "button stage." This description does not match the other options as closely.

Quiz 25: Fungi That Affect Human Health